Bless Me, Ultima Essay -- essays research papers

The loss of artlessness in life is an inevitable process. Losing unmatched&8217s innocence comes merely by growing up. The philosophy of the loss of one&8217s innocence is a definite theme in the book Bless Me, Ultima. This theme is displayed throughout the entire story and plot of the novel. There is loss of innocence all around the main character, Tony, with his brothers and the hoi polloi he meets. Tony also loses a great deal of his own innocence to the harsh realities of the world which tag his transition from a boy to a man.The theme of the loss of innocence covers the entire essence of the book. There are many cases in the story where people had lost their innocence of life and it was lost to them forever. Tony&8217s brothers are of such a case. They had gone to war to fight for their country and explore the world. But as they yearned and sought the outside and how it was, they lost their innocence in the process. Being in war they saw death and destruction which soiled t heir once virgin eyes. Although they gained acquaintance and experience they were becoming no longer young and gay, but were becoming mature and knowledgeable. Growing at such a fast pace was a regretful process, that even Andrew advised Tony to not grow too fast but that would not happen as we know.Another example of loss of innocence in the book would be Tony&8217s friends. The gang seems to be fairly innocent enough but they ...

Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin Essay -- Sonnys Blues James Baldwin

blokes Blues by James BaldwinSonnys Blues is a story roughly two brothers, their medieval, and how their differences came between them. They were apart for several years while Sonny was in jail, but once he got out they had a chance to habitue their pasts. Sonnys Blues is a well written story that teaches a lesson that has value in every day life.The tone is melancholy and reminiscent. The brother is remembering the past and reflection on the mistakes he and Sonny made. He is sad over their fallout, Sonnys trouble with drugs, and the death of his daughter. He regrets that he wasnt able to keep Sonny out of trouble like he promised his mother he would do, as she had done with their father.The point of view is first person selective, told from the perspective of the brother. He g...

New Deal Essay -- essays research papers

The most active First Hundred Days was under president Franklin Delano Roosevelts first term. In a desperate attempt to figure out the woes of the American population, FDR and his Congress passed more bills than any other president-congressional combination as ever done in their first impression time period. FDRs interior(prenominal) policy, known more widely as the New Deal, was intended to be a group of innovative measures to counteract the effects of the Great Depression. Roosevelt and the U.S. Congress, trying to edit out unemployment, restore prosperity and return a sense of morale to American citizens, endorsed a wide variety of bills creating new federal programs and agencies. These agencies were known as first principle agencies due to their titles that included many different letters (i.e., WPA, FERA, TVA). Although the New Deal was initiated to return prosperity to the American economy, in the long run, the New Deal was belike the worst policy ever started. Though prov iding quick relief to some areas of depression, the New Deal was overall a very socialist, perhaps even communistic plan. Controlling prices, giving out jobs, commanding water flow, were just some of the many practices engaged in by the government tat went against capitalistic American point of views.Some agencies did do good, however. The New Deals dealing with the banks was performed very well. It returned trust in leaving money in the banks with the Fed...

The Individual and the Court System Essay -- essays research papers f

The Individual and the Court System - EssayThe Australian control board trial clay is said to have many merits and defects, and as Winston Churchill once said about democracy the Australian jury form is not a perfect constitution, it is just the least worst of all the others. In analysing the system several major strengths can be seen, but many weaknesses can be found also. It is a matter of great interest in the general community and many people have written on it, ranging from past jurors to university students.Some of the main strengths seen are that juries have established philosophical and diachronic importance within our community. The jury system is a centuries old tradition of our legal system and in the eyes of the community it remains a live expression of the importance of justice being adjudicated upon by ordinary citizens. Without a jury system, it is claimed that the liberties of individuals would be adjudicated upon by un lesson experts who would further remove the workings of the legal system from those it is meant to serve in the wider community. It is also seen that the random selections of jury members from a cross section of society ensures that the law remains adjudicated upon by a representative sample of society who can reflect the values of the community they serve. In recent years it is argued that juries have effectively expressed community attitudes on versatile matters including passive smoking, reckless drunk driving and self defense claims in murder trials by women who had suffered repeated physical and mental abuse.The existence of a jury means that lawyers must ensure that their cases are presented in a way that enables community understanding of important issues and principles. Without a jury it is argued the evolution of the principles of our legal system would become increasingly complex and removed from the understanding of the community. In general the community is more likely to have confidence in the decision of a representative group of that community than one made by a single judge or a court appointed panel of experts.If the system was removed it would open the adjudication process of civil and criminal trials up to the possibility of political or monetary influence - the jury is a vital organization for ensuring that open courts remain truly open to public scrutiny. It is also argued by some that in diversity... ... and feeling it limited their ability to absorb evidence. "They felt that the barristers hadnt given them information that they essential through the evidence," One juror mentioned that "It was a bit like being thr cause pieces of a jigsaw puzzle and there were pieces that were missing and they had to fill those pieces with their own experience".It is arguable which side holds more sway, while it seems that the majority of published reports deal with the defects of the system there are a number of reasons for its continuation. This seems to fate that it marv ellous to be abolished entirely in either civil or criminal courts. It seems to me that any changes that are to be made will be focused on the need for specialised jurors and the ability for civil juries to award damages. As crimes become increasingly more complex it seems that changes will need to be made to the system but it will be a heatedly debated subject when its change is made.BibliographyStructures and Systems, Willmott. J and Dowse. J, 2001, Western Australia, Politics Law PublishingBulletin with Newsweek, 7/6/2004, Vol. 122 Issue 6428, p22, 4pwww.ebsco.com - Jury Problems

Buy Essay Online: Comparing Homers Odyssey and Joyces Ulysses

comparison Homers Odyssey and Joyces Ulysses This essay will analyze the style, genre and plots of the nether region episodes launch in Homers Odyssey and Joyces Ulysses. Before submission this small treatise, it is important to understand the etymology of the intelligence activity Hades, since it is the circumstance for both Joyce and Homer (of course in Homers case, he was speaking of the literal aidhs and Joyce was referring to the graveyard, where Bloom attends the funeral of Paddy Dignam and broods approximately the death of his only son ). Homers use of the word Hades was to refer to the abode of the dead or the unseen nether world where we find Odysseus curious for Tiresias, to find out how to return to Ithaca safely. The Homeric Hades is not the modern view of Hell, mentioned in the Old and New Testaments. In fact, C.S. says In real pleasure seeker belief, Hades was hardly worth talking most a world of shadows, of decay. Homer . . . represents the ghosts in Hades as witless. They gibber meaninglessly until some living man gives them sacrificial railway line to drink. Comparing the style Objective vs. Existential eight months prior to the starting publication of Ulysses , Joyce penned If you want to read Ulysses you had better first get or scoop up from a library a translation in prose of the Odyssey of Homer. Joyces recommendation is a must in order to get the full meaning of his work. A ingenuous commentary would also be found multipurpose in exegesis. Most people, . . . opening Ulysses at random are easily scarecrowed away by the first shock of its queer mixture of vulgar gain and metaphysical obscurity. I must admit that my first reading of Ulysses was horrifying. I am a buff of the western class... ...oehrich, Rolf. The Secret of Ulysses. (Folcroft, PA Folcroft Press, 1969) Schutte, William, An Index of repeated Elements in Ulysses Hades. James Joyce Quarterly. Spring 1977 (Vol. XIV, No. 3) Skeat, Walter. Concise Dic tionary of English Etymology. (Great BritainWordsword, 1993) Smith, William. Wordsworth Classical Dictionary. (London Wordsworth Editions, 1996) Smith, Paul. A Key to the Ulysses of James Joyce. (New York Covici Friede, 1934) Thornton, Weldon. Allusions in Ulysses. (North Carolina UNC Press, 1968) The student whitethorn wish to begin the paper with the following quote I hold this book Ulysses to be the near important expression which the present age has found it is a book to which we are all indebted, and from which none of us can escape. T.S. Elliot Buy Essay Online Comparing Homers Odyssey and Joyces UlyssesComparing Homers Odyssey and Joyces Ulysses This essay will analyze the style, genre and plots of the Hades episodes found in Homers Odyssey and Joyces Ulysses. Before entering this small treatise, it is important to understand the etymology of the word Hades, since it is the setting for both Joyce and Homer (of course in Homers case, he was speakin g of the literal aidhs and Joyce was referring to the graveyard, where Bloom attends the funeral of Paddy Dignam and broods about the death of his only son ). Homers use of the word Hades was to refer to the abode of the dead or the unseen nether world where we find Odysseus searching for Tiresias, to find out how to return to Ithaca safely. The Homeric Hades is not the modern view of Hell, mentioned in the Old and New Testaments. In fact, C.S. says In real Pagan belief, Hades was hardly worth talking about a world of shadows, of decay. Homer . . . represents the ghosts in Hades as witless. They gibber meaninglessly until some living man gives them sacrificial blood to drink. Comparing the style Objective vs. Existential Eight months prior to the first publication of Ulysses , Joyce penned If you want to read Ulysses you had better first get or borrow from a library a translation in prose of the Odyssey of Homer. Joyces recommendation is a must in order to get the full meaning of his work. A good commentary would also be found useful in exegesis. Most people, . . . opening Ulysses at random are easily scarecrowed away by the first shock of its queer mixture of vulgar slang and metaphysical obscurity. I must admit that my first reading of Ulysses was horrifying. I am a lover of the western class... ...oehrich, Rolf. The Secret of Ulysses. (Folcroft, PA Folcroft Press, 1969) Schutte, William, An Index of Recurrent Elements in Ulysses Hades. James Joyce Quarterly. Spring 1977 (Vol. XIV, No. 3) Skeat, Walter. Concise Dictionary of English Etymology. (Great BritainWordsword, 1993) Smith, William. Wordsworth Classical Dictionary. (London Wordsworth Editions, 1996) Smith, Paul. A Key to the Ulysses of James Joyce. (New York Covici Friede, 1934) Thornton, Weldon. Allusions in Ulysses. (North Carolina UNC Press, 1968) The student may wish to begin the paper with the following quote I hold this book Ulysses to be the most important expression which the present age has found it is a book to which we are all indebted, and from which none of us can escape. T.S. Elliot

Buy Essay Online: Comparing Homers Odyssey and Joyces Ulysses

Comparing Homers Odyssey and Joyces Ulysses This essay will analyze the style, genre and plots of the Hades episodes base in Homers Odyssey and Joyces Ulysses. forrader entering this small treatise, it is important to understand the etymology of the raillery Hades, since it is the setting for both Joyce and Homer (of course in Homers case, he was speaking of the literal aidhs and Joyce was referring to the graveyard, where Bloom attends the funeral of paddy Dignam and broods about the death of his only son ). Homers work of the word Hades was to refer to the abode of the dead or the unseen nether world where we make Odysseus searching for Tiresias, to find out how to return to Ithaca safely. The Homeric Hades is not the modern view of Hell, mentioned in the Old and New Testaments. In fact, C.S. says In factual Pagan belief, Hades was hardly worth talking about a world of shadows, of decay. Homer . . . represents the ghosts in Hades as witless. They gibber meaninglessly unti l some living man gives them sacrificial blood to drink. Comparing the style Objective vs. experiential Eight months prior to the first publication of Ulysses , Joyce penned If you want to read Ulysses you had better first get or borrow from a library a interpretation in prose of the Odyssey of Homer. Joyces recommendation is a must in order to get the full meaning of his work. A good commentary would also be found useful in exegesis. Most people, . . . opening Ulysses at random are easily scarecrowed away by the first shock of its queer mixture of primitive slang and metaphysical obscurity. I must admit that my first reading of Ulysses was horrifying. I am a lover of the western class... ...oehrich, Rolf. The Secret of Ulysses. (Folcroft, PA Folcroft Press, 1969) Schutte, William, An baron of Recurrent Elements in Ulysses Hades. James Joyce Quarterly. Spring 1977 (Vol. XIV, No. 3) Skeat, Walter. Concise Dictionary of English Etymology. (Great BritainWordsword, 1993) Smith, William. Wordsworth determinate Dictionary. (London Wordsworth Editions, 1996) Smith, Paul. A Key to the Ulysses of James Joyce. (New York Covici Friede, 1934) Thornton, Weldon. Allusions in Ulysses. (North Carolina UNC Press, 1968) The learner may wish to begin the paper with the following quote I hold this book Ulysses to be the most important expression which the present maturate has found it is a book to which we are all indebted, and from which none of us can escape. T.S. Elliot Buy endeavor Online Comparing Homers Odyssey and Joyces UlyssesComparing Homers Odyssey and Joyces Ulysses This essay will analyze the style, genre and plots of the Hades episodes found in Homers Odyssey and Joyces Ulysses. Before entering this small treatise, it is important to understand the etymology of the word Hades, since it is the setting for both Joyce and Homer (of course in Homers case, he was speaking of the literal aidhs and Joyce was referring to the graveyard, where Bloom attends the funeral of Paddy Dignam and broods about the death of his only son ). Homers use of the word Hades was to refer to the abode of the dead or the unseen nether world where we find Odysseus searching for Tiresias, to find out how to return to Ithaca safely. The Homeric Hades is not the modern view of Hell, mentioned in the Old and New Testaments. In fact, C.S. says In real Pagan belief, Hades was hardly worth talking about a world of shadows, of decay. Homer . . . represents the ghosts in Hades as witless. They gibber meaninglessly until some living man gives them sacrificial blood to drink. Comparing the style Objective vs. Existential Eight months prior to the first publication of Ulysses , Joyce penned If you want to read Ulysses you had better first get or borrow from a library a translation in prose of the Odyssey of Homer. Joyces recommendation is a must in order to get the full meaning of his work. A good commentary would also be found u seful in exegesis. Most people, . . . opening Ulysses at random are easily scarecrowed away by the first shock of its queer mixture of vulgar slang and metaphysical obscurity. I must admit that my first reading of Ulysses was horrifying. I am a lover of the western class... ...oehrich, Rolf. The Secret of Ulysses. (Folcroft, PA Folcroft Press, 1969) Schutte, William, An Index of Recurrent Elements in Ulysses Hades. James Joyce Quarterly. Spring 1977 (Vol. XIV, No. 3) Skeat, Walter. Concise Dictionary of English Etymology. (Great BritainWordsword, 1993) Smith, William. Wordsworth Classical Dictionary. (London Wordsworth Editions, 1996) Smith, Paul. A Key to the Ulysses of James Joyce. (New York Covici Friede, 1934) Thornton, Weldon. Allusions in Ulysses. (North Carolina UNC Press, 1968) The student may wish to begin the paper with the following quote I hold this book Ulysses to be the most important expression which the present age has found it is a book to which we are al l indebted, and from which none of us can escape. T.S. Elliot

Quiz 2 Art Appreciation

1. An example of three-dimensional art is _________________________. A) drawingB) paintingC) all of theseD) sculpture Points Earned 1. 0/1. 0 catch up with Answer(s) D 2. The scratch line work of art purchased through the Art in Public Places program was ________________________. A) a sculpture by MichelangeloB) a painting by wave DuchampC) a sculpture by Alexander CalderD) a painting by Vincent van Gogh Points Earned 1. 0/1. 0 Correct Answer(s) C 3.Contour lines ______________________. A) cause an horny response in the viewerB) are a function of line of sightC) define the edges of an objectD) all of these Points Earned 1. 0/1. 0 Correct Answer(s) C 4. Cruci-Fiction Project by Guillermo Gomez-Pena and Roberto Sifuentes waas ________________. A) a work of political artB) all of theseC) a work of performance artD) a work of public art Points Earned 0. 0/1. 0 Correct Answer(s) B 5.A modern artist who chose to intentionally violate the rules of perspective to draw attention to elements of his composition was _____________________. A) Leonardo da VinciB) Vincent van GoghC) Henri MatisseD) Claude Monet Points Earned 1. 0/1. 0 Correct Answer(s) C 6. Paintings, drawings, and photographs are _______________________. A) two-dimensional works of artB) made with oil paintC) three-dimensional works of artD) the only kinds of art discussed in your textbook Points Earned 1. 0/1. 0 Correct Answer(s) A 7. Vanishing points and converging lines are related to ______________________. A) linear perspectiveB) three-dimensional artC) contour drawingsD) foreshortening Points Earned 0. 0/1. 0 Correct Answer(s) A 8. Marcel Duchamps controversial painting, Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2, was influenced by ______________________. A) water in motionB) shingles on a roofC) a posed female nudeD) stop-motion picture taking Points Earned 1. 0/1. 0 Correct Answer(s) D . One of the tricks artists use to make a flat work of art look like it is non flat is ________________________. A) foreshorteningB) all of theseC) linear perspectiveD) overlapping Points Earned 0. 0/1. 0 Correct Answer(s) B 10. Vincent van Goghs painting, The Starry Night _______________________________. A) sets a parallel between the church and natureB) expresses the infinity of natureC) uses expressive lineD) all of these Points Earned 1. 0/1. 0 Correct Answer(s) D

Importance of Technology

My transcripts likeness 1= luv u 4 ever Transcript 2= u r 2 odorous 2 b 4got10 lavatory u cum c me face2face Transcript 3= I h8 u Transcript 4= Jake ur bag is pukka Transcript 5=iv been chatin with my penpal all day Transcript 6= how ya doin Transcript 7=Jake-r ur headphones good Demal-yh their awesome FYI they where only $5. 99 Ali Nasir10BMR. Wotson Introduction i of the forms of multimodal talk is texting Texting has captivated a whole generation of young people Texting has aim universal, it is practiced all over the world Texting is done from mobile to mobile, by sending the text to the mobile number. It can in any case be sent to many at the same time Texting is thought to be mostly apply by the young people and teenagers The older generations feel that texting has taken the ability of writing and correct spelling to zero, they deplore what texting has done to the English language Texting is besides done as a bases of advertising Large companies text to anyone they can Doctor surgeries and even schools like the one I study at also use texting to inform patients and parents relative information. The language of texting has advanced so much since it had started There are so many elbow rooms to text to each otherParagraph 1 populate have found innovative elbow rooms of texting with using rebus abbreviation, this is where a name or a word is represented by a picture or pictures suggesting its syllables They are like puzzles Punctuation marks and brackets are used to show emotions. We can see this in transcript 1. seen upright they mean nothing but look at them sideways and it is a smiling face Other symbols and numbers are used like &, , 4, 8. Paragraph 2 The use of abbreviated and constricted forms of words saves time in texting and also shortens texts to keep mobile bills at a minimum, as seen in transcript 2. People are so fast at texting in abbreviations that the mind boggles at the speed of their thumbs There is eff iciency in the way letters are used, and texters shorten words to a minimum. Paragraph 3 Inotation is defined as the tone or pitch of the voice in speaking or the way a person is speaking like conveying anger, liveliness, being shy. Inotation cannot really be well conveyed in texting. The messages loose the true meaning of the sender like shown in transcript 3. sometimes miscommunication happens and feelings are hurt. It is hard to explain what you are really feeling through texting. When we communicate body language and tone of voice bend an important role. When we try intonating in a text the other person may read something different in the explanation marks you have sent. Sometimes Imitation in the text can read a double meaning. Paragraph 4 The use of non standard words in the texting world has become so popular that almost everyone who texts knows the meanings of the abbreviated words. Also dialect of different places is making its way into texting. Like we see words such as pelter or mint being used in other regions of England. For example in Manchester mint means really good and mardy means moody, in whales lucullan means very nice and in London pukka means very good. We see their uses in transcript 4. The use of slang in texting has also found a place in texting. To a person who dose not text, the language use must seem foreign. Paragraph 5 In non standard words a new form of communication has emerged. For example a text pal is a person that you never talk to or see, but you ju7st text to like a pen pal. Another example is saying things like text of the devil a version of speak of the devil. The way we would use these new words can be seen in transcript 5. A whole new dictionary would have to compose just to concur all the new words that have sprung up in this new texting age. Paragraph 6 The use of incomplete sentences or the use of phrases instead of using the proper grammatical sentences is common in texting, When you use inco mplete sentences you fail to express the total meaning. Shortening of sentence or use of phrases is fine composition texting because of maybe, the lack of time or space texting like in transcript 6. Phrases also are a part of this new language and most teenagers leave alone know hundreds of them. It is like a second language for them. These are a few popular phrases in texting BFF (best friends forever), FYI (for your information), IDC (I dont care), JC (just chilling), GAL (get a life). We can see how to use a phrase in transcript 7. Paragraph 7 I think one of the similarities between texting and speech is that we text the way we speak. We text the words the way they wakeless, not like the way they are spelt in the dictionary. We text phonetically. Spelling goes out of the window. The content of the text that is written is a different matter. We see that many words are taken out of the sentences to make them shorter and if we read these shortened text messages out loud we would sound like cavemen in cartoons or like Tarzan saying, me Tarzan, you Jane. Even I say to my mum SOZ (sorry), LOL (laugh out loud) and CBA (cant be asked). My mum is always shouting at me to speak proper English Paragraph 8 When it comes to actual writing students are using text language instead of proper English in their studies This is creating problems in our schools, colleges and the workplace Texting is a distraction and stops you from paying attention to what is happening around you. Students are found texting in classes instead of paying attention of what is happening in the classroom. Texting has its negatives but it also has its positives. It keeps people connected to each other. Testers are always updating each other of what is going on in that location and then. Sometimes it is better to quietly text than to talk in a public place and disturb others. For every new technology there pass on always be positives and negatives. I think there is always a m iddle way in which we can use texting and not go to the extreme.

Spending and Investing Practices

Introduction How come some people make lots of coin, others basically maintain the status quo, and m whatever atomic number 18 awash in debt? What makes the difference? Spending habits the difference between needs, wants, and self-indulgence. Investing practices how time and compound interest can create a fortune. Spending without planning is bump intoking min self-gratification NOW. Over-spending creates a bondage that limits opportunities. We all commit dreams, priorities, fears, and limited time. In large part these argon the key factors that influence what we do with our bills. After all, the coin we have at the moment is limited.The key questions atomic number 18 What be the things that be important to you now, five years from now, in 25 years, etc. How much funds do you have at the moment that is beyond the basics? What are your best garbment choices based upon your age and the time available? financial readiness Definition The process of managing your money and resources to achieve economic and personal satisf operation. The Financial Planning Process. Determining your current financial situation. What is your income, expenses, and debt? Developing your financial goals. What are your rising plans for housing, transportation, medical, marriage, retirement, etc.Identifying courses of action. Evaluating each course of action. Every decision cfall backs off other alternatives. Creating and implementing your financial action plan. Write it d birth. Continually review your plan and revise as necessary. Selecting Financial Goals Should contain time goals Short term goals of a week, month, six months, a year or two years. Medium term goals that may be achieved within five years. Long term goals such financing college for children, retirement plans, Should contain need goals Consumable product goals food, clothing, entertainment, etc. Durable product goals cars, furniture, appliances, sporting equipment, etc.Intangible buy goals health, educati on, leisure, relationships, etc. Goal-setting Guidelines Financial goals should be realistic. State in specific measurable terms Should have a time frame Should indicate the type of action to be taken. Influences on Financial Planning Stage of adult life cycle young single, married, married with children, single parent, older 50+. Marital status, mob size, and employment. Personal prys and major events such as graduation, marriage, children, retirement, etc. Local and global economic conditions such as consumer prices related to inflation. interest rates for acquire money. oney supply printed by government. unemployment related to job availability. Investing In The Stock Market Investing started when someone had an idea that possibly would make money solely didnt have the financing to develop it. So he sought money from others who were willing to risk their funds in exchange for a appropriate of the potential profits. When the idea proved profitable and looked as if it would ge nerate an income for an extended period of time, outsiders would try to buy shares in the company by offering immediate payment to the original owners. If several people start bidding for shares and the share owners were willing to sell, the price increased.What Is Bought & Sold in the Stock Market Stocks are shares of ownership in a company. Shareholders may benefit from company profits and a rising stock(a) price. They may also lose their shirt if the company loses money and stock prices fall. Note, Penny stocks that are low priced tend to be highly speculative with few buyers and sellers and high risk. Below are some well-known stocks. Exchange Traded money (ETFs) hold a diversified portfolio of stocks and/or securities that are minimally managed. ETFs have the following advantages ETFs are safer than stocks because an ETF is a basket of securities.With multiple securities, you arent subject to the wide of the mark array of risk including corporate scandals, after trade earn ing reports, and other factors that affect various(prenominal) stocks. ETFs may be traded during market hours. ETFs allow the use of limit puts and STOP-loss orders. ETFs have no penalties for early withdrawal and are no-load (although usual broker fees apply). ETFs are passively managed so their expenses tend to be lower than comparable mutual funds. ETFs holdings are very apparent and portfolio changes are relatively infrequent. Options are available on some ETFs . Index Funds securities that represent entire sectorsS&P five hundred Index (SPY) Dow Jones Industrial (DIA) NASDAQ 100 (QQQQ) Russell 2000 Fund (IWM). Options are purchasable and sellable contracts that guarantee rights, but not necessarily obligations to buy or sell a security for an agreed upon price within a certain time period. joint funds pooled money managed by overlord money managers who charge for their services. Mutual funds are only traded after the market closes each day. Mutual funds cannot be cling t oed from falling prices during the day. If the market is crashing, a sell order to get out is initiated only after the market has closed.No-Load Mutual Funds no fees charged for buying or selling. On an average these tend to be more than profitable than loaded funds. Loaded Mutual Funds an upfront fee or exit fee is charged to enter or property out a fund. Bonds loans made to a company or government with a guaranteed return if bankruptcy doesnt occur. Often bonds are sold to raise cash to expand the business. Commodities raw materials such as sugar, wheat, pork bellies, metals, etc. During economic expansion commodity prices gene muster up rise due to increasing demand. During a corner or deflationary times the opposite is true except in the case of precious metals.Sometimes when people lose faith in their paper money they purchase gold or silver as insurance against devaluation of the dollar. Currencies paper money that people believe has value. As the amount of paper money incr eases, the value of the paper money decreases. With more paper money chasing goods, the rate of inflation rises (gas used to be 23 cents a gallon). REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts) publicly traded companies that own and manage investment-grade commercial real estate. REITs invest in office buildings, malls, industrial facilities, hotels, resorts, health care facilities, and self-storage.REITs provide a simple and inexpensive way to invest in commercial real estate without buying property directly. However, they are not very liquid. REITs provide a fairly reliable source of income. At least(prenominal) 90 percent of taxable income essential be distributed annually to shareholders. Financial Participants Banks and Credit Unions typically manage accounts and provide services including checking, savings, loans, credit and account cards, notary services, safe deposit boxes, etc. Brokerage Firms typically manage all types of trades (stocks, mutual funds, ETFs, etc. ) for a fee.So me are full service, providing advice and charging for their services. Others are usher out brokers that handle transactions for a minimal charge. Broker a licensed professional who advises people about investments for a fee and may work for a brokerage firm. Stock and Commodity Markets are exchanges where stocks, options, securities, indexes, currencies, commodities, etc. are traded. Market Maker a professional securities dealer who buys and sells stocks or commodities held in inventory and must ALWAYS provide a bid and ask price at which they will buy or sell something.Investors (speculators) are individuals who usually hold longer-term investments. Traders (scalpers) are individuals who usually trade quickly looking for quick profits. Momentum investors track prices and volume data to identify stocks trending higher. Market Timers try to time their investing so theyre buying at market troughs and selling at peaks. Growth Investors target stocks of companies that produce, and sho uld continue producing, above-average earnings proceeds. Value Investors shop for bargains, hoping to buy low, as the platitude goes, and sell high. on that point are four market trends. Down trending markets in which security prices are falling. People typically do not know how to trade this market. save craft a down trending market is usually the approximately profitable. Security prices fall faster than they rise, typically taking 5 years to reach a high versus 3 months to lose most of the gain. High volatility markets in which security prices swing wildly from one extreme to the other. Day traders and professional traders are very active in this scenario. Up-trending markets in which security prices are rising.Most people invest in an up-trending market because of their optimistic outlook. This market ranks third in trading profitability. Sideways trending markets in which security prices trade within a fairly tight range with little fluctuation. It is important to note tha t . . . currency can be made or lost no matter the market direction Protecting Trades With Stops Frequently novice traders fail to protect profits and lose money even though a security has bounced in and out of profitability several times. The use of a STOP is one way to protect an account.A STOP is a chosen price in which a trader wants to sell a security to prevent a further price decline. There are four kinds of STOPS. Automatic Hard STOP. This STOP is set immediately after the initial purchase and is not changed until it is deleted or adjusted. Market makers may see hard STOPS and often knock them out during trading by dropping the price suddenly and then(prenominal) raising the price in brief thereafter. tracking STOP a favorite. As the price of a stock rises, this STOP correspondingly rises. A Trailing STOP allows a winning stock to hotfoot while protecting against a loss if the price drops.Mental STOP. This STOP is written down but not placed with the brokerage firm bec ause full-time traders may not want to be inadvertently stopped out of a trade due to a momentary large price swing. STOP Limit. A Limit Order is an order to buy or sell at a specific price or better and is only ACTIVATED when the desired price is hit. Searching For investments Determine market trends. What are the current market trends with the Dow, SP 500, etc. Select high-ranking industry in which money is flowing into it. Studies have shown industry ranking is responsible for at least 50% of a stock price movement.Scan For Higher Volume. Look for securities that trade more than 750,000 shares daily. A stock needs to be liquid meaning that there are plenty of buyers when it is time to sell. Search For Top Contenders. The companies should be profitable, with low or no debt. Trading Volume Drives Trends When there is a dramatic change in the volume being traded daily compared to its average daily volume, PAY help Typically this means professional money managers are either buying or selling a security. Like a garage sale, when there are a lot of buyers, prices tend to stay put or rise.If there is an abundance of sellers, prices typically fall. Rising prices with high volume mean institutional professional money managers are buying. The larger the volume increase 50% above average the better chance it is a true breakout. During major breakouts it is not special for new market leaders to show volume spikes from 200% to 1000%. Rising prices with little volume is often a suckers rally and novice buyers tend to be taken to the cleaners because the price rise lacks support by institutions. Falling prices with high volume mean institutional money managers are selling.Falling prices with little volume may mean a strong base of support is forming for a possible uptrend. Professionals tend to purchase heavily and then wait four to eight days before buying again. Trend Insights A trend is the direction of movement of a market or individual security. Trends are chara cterized by a series of zigzags that resemble a series of waves with peaks and troughs. There are three trends An uptrend is a series of higher highs and higher lows. A downtrend is a series of lower highs and lower lows. A neutral trend is horizontal, or equal, peaks and troughs, and reflects a period of indecision.This is also known as the consolidation phase. If a trader is wrong about the trends all other factors are basically worthless. What is popular one moment may be a dog shortly thereafter. Trends are your friend. Money is always flowing somewhere Large Market Trends are determined by an analysis of the buying and selling volume of the Dow, NASDAQ, S&P 500, Russell, etc. Sector Trends deal with an overall analysis of similar companies. Listed below are ETFs that cover sectors. Sector ETFs Internet HHH Oil Service OIH transfer of training IYT Telecom IYZReal Estate IYR Big Tech QQQQ Software PSJ Media PBS Defense PPA Construction PKB Insurance PIC Financials IYF Nanotech PXN Alt. Energy PBW Industry Trends are a subcategory of sector trends. This is where individual stocks are listed. Calendar Trends. Some things happen on a recurring basis which cause stock prices to rise and fall most like clockwork. For instance, Christmas goods are usually shipped in August and September influencing the stock prices of UPS or FEDX. Indias wedding season increases the demand for gold. CAN SLIM party ANALYSIS CRITERIAWilliam ONeil, founder of Investors Business Daily Newspaper (IBD), developed the CAN SLIM investing analysis criteria that is based upon many years of explore and readily displayed in IBD. The following is a summary of the analytical criteria used. C = Current Quarterly Profit Increases. Strong growth in earnings, more than any other factor, is what defines the market leaders that potentially are going to experience big price advances. IBD recommends looking for stocks with a profit gain of at least 25% compared to the same quarter of the previous year.IBD found that three of every four such stocks boosted profits by more than 70% in their most late(a) quarter BEFORE their big run-ups. A = Annual Earning Increases should be at least 25% for the last three to five years. Some of the biggest market winners had annual earnings growth of 50%+ before starting their big run-ups. A trend of three to five years of annual earning increases coupled with recent strong earnings in the last several quarters increases the probability of success in an up-trending market. N = New Products, Management, or Highs.It seems that anything new that makes our lives richer, extends our health, or increases our productivity is desirable. Old companies or newly created companies that provide these new things or new services tend to increase in value because of increase in sales. S = Supply & Demand. When there are plenty of buyers and few sellers, prices increase. When demand for stock shares increases, the company with the least amount of shares ava ilable will experience a great price increase. The greater the number shares available (for sale) the less the price performance.Usually older larger companies with billions of shares are more sluggish than companies trading only 50 jillion shares. Note, the larger the percentage of ownership by management, typically the greater the growth potential. L = Leaders, Not Laggards. There are many wannabes also-ran companies. Their price growth results are average at best or a flash-in-the-pan. Select best-of-breed stocks from the top three in strong industry groups with the best quarterly/annual earnings growth. Note, in a bull market correction, the stocks that drop the least are usually the best on rebound.I = Institutional Sponsorship. When big traders (mutual funds, pension plans, etc) are buying millions of shares, it is a good sign the price will run-up. But not all mutual funds are equal in quality. appraise the leaders of the best mutual funds. M = Market Direction. Track the trend averages using the S&P, DJIA, and NASDAQ. And Finally CFO Corporate Fraud Officer. FIAT Money Financial Instrument Administering Theft of Money Insanity Doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. Einstein

Lenin’s View of Economic Policies in Russia Essay

Lenins flock of economic polices in Russia between 1917 and 1923 was shaped by the factors of differentiate of war communism, and the New Economic Plan (NEP). Lenin realized that to live a successful economy and to keep the idea of equality in Communism there had to be a compromise there need to be a balance of state control and individual incentive for the economy to prosper. Through the failure of state of war Communism and the success of the economy and the drift away from Communism with the NEP Lenin learned the dos and donts of a successful economy. Lenin described what the country needed to do to have a successful economy, he said, We have found that a degree of private commercial interest, with state supervision and control of that interest, is all(a) we actually need (doc. 5). This shows how both War Communism and the NEP were factors that shaped Lenins compromising idea of what a economy needed to be successful.The War Communism policy was adopted to keep the Red Arm y supplied. During War Communism the government took control of industry, and told factories what to produce and the government would take any perforate that was produced by the farmers. The Cheka would steel the grain that the farmers produced, this make the farmers angry and they no longer had any incentive to grow crops because the crops would just be taken away from them. Also capital became worthless, wages were paid in food or other goods, and many tidy sum bartered goods instead of using money. The situation for the farmers and the peasants got worse. By 1921 Russias economy was shattered. industrial production had drastically decreased and the cities were in chaos. Agriculture had been demolished. War Communism was put in affect to increase the productivity of both industrial goods and food, however the workers and farmers saw no point in putting in the effort if in the end it would be taken away from them.War Communism guide to the destruction of the economy of Russia. Lenin finally admitted that War Communism was a mistake, he said, The small farmer needs a spur, and incentive that accords with his condition We are very(prenominal) oft to blame for having gone to far we overdid the nationalization of industry and trade, clamping down on the local exchange of commodities. Was that a mistake? It certainly was. (doc. 4) This quote is an suit of how Lenin realized that he had do a mistake and this quote also shows that Lenin understands that the workers and farmers need an incentive to work with an incentive the economy will grow. Lenins view of economic policies was greatly influenced by the failure of War Communism, and by the failure he was able to figure out another system that would revive Russias economy.Lenin realized that to have a successful economy the people have to have the incentive to work. Lenin also knew that if he did not improve the economic state of Russia that the Communists would not survive War Communism took the safety net away from the Communists. Lenin had to act quickly to figure out another policy that would make the people want to work, and to revive the economy. In 1921 the NEP was created to fix the economy. Lenin created this new policy to try to burst the morale of the people and make them want to produce more grain or products. The transition form War Communism to the NEP was drastic, the people had to change there lives to fit this new, more capitalistics society. Though the change to a more capitalist economy, the NEP was successful in jump starting the farming production, for example. Lenin says, Release of surplus goods into circulation would stimulate small farming, which is in terrible state (doc. 4) This is a great example of how Lenin realizes why he needs to change from the War Communism to the NEP, for a least one reason to increase the amount of grain produced.The creation of the NEP changed many laws that were at a time holding Russias economy back. Grain requisitioning was sto pped. Grain was no longer taken from the peasants. Also traders could buy and sell goods, which was illegal during War Communism. Smaller factories were returned to their precedent owners and they were allowed to sell the goods they made and make a profit from them. Finally larger industries like coal and steel remained under state control but around larger factories were able to sell their products. These were some of the main differences between War Communism and NEP. During the NEP the economy prospered, because people were now allowed to keep some of the goods they made and thus sell them for their own profit. This made the people want to produce more so they could have more for their family.Lenin described some of the good affects that the NEP had, he said, We have achieved much with our requisitioning system. Our food policy has made it possible in the second year to acquire three times as much grain as in the first. (doc. 2) Lenin was talking about the great increase in th e production of grain, this great increase was directly related to the NEP because the peasants could keep some of the grain they made which gave them an incentive to work hard. Communists were angry because they saw the country returning to capitalism. They did not like the fact that bosses of factories called kulacks could hire men to work for them.Also Communists disliked the Nepmen, because they made a high profit by buying goods cheaply and then selling them for more. Though the NEP revived the economy, people, especially peasants were unhappy with the new capitalist society. Lenins view of economic policies was changed through the NEP, he knew that people need the incentive to work, but he also knew he could not give the people to much economic freedom the idea of balancing the policy of War Communism and NEP was Lenins final view of how to keep the people happy and to sustain a great economy.

A Review of School Funding In Texas

The article shows the various efforts that the state of Texas has implemented in order to source funds for its schools.The first laws enacted for the purpose of school reinforcement were the Gilmer-Aikin Act which was passed in 1949. Under this law, the funds would be sourced from state and local donors. In my opinion, this is a very comprehensive law because it provided for a top to tramp reorganization of the state accompaniment system (Coalition to Invest in Texas teachs, 2004).The current law right now is the robin Hood System (Coalition to Invest In Texas Schools, 2004). From the name itself, the funding for schools would be sourced from the wealthy districts of Texas. The aim of this system is to ensure equity in financing the schools.Soliciting the help of the affluent states of Texas is a good substance of fostering cooperation among the districts of Texas. It would help the low income districts to use their funds for other activities (Coalition to Invest in Texas School s, 2004).In 2004, this system of using the revenue of wealthy districts was able to generate $1.2 cardinal annually which was used as budget by the Foundation Program of Finance. Putting an end to the Robin Hood System proved to be a difficult decision as the local government of Texas would have to find substitute funding in order to support the schools (Coalition to Invest in Texas Schools, 2004).The Robin Hood System became very controversial and was even the reason for the filing of a class suit by more than 300 school districts. The important argument of the plaintiffs was that by levying the maximum rate on property tax, it became equal to the ad valorem tax levied by the state, which violated Texas Constitution (Coalition to Invest in Texas Schools, 2004).The fictitious character needed three years before it was resolved. In September 2004, a decision was handed down in favor of the plaintiffs. In October 2005, the Travis County District appeal ordered the Texas Legislatur e to resolve the unconstitutional element of the school funding system which also includes budget for facilities (Coalition to Invest In Texas Schools, 2004).The article proves the fact that funding school systems is a very sensitive issue that should be addressed by the proper authorities.Works CitedCoalition to Invest in Texas Schools. (2004). A Brief History of School Funding in Texas.Retrieved June 5, 2008 from http//www.investintexasschools.org/schoolfunding/history.php

Antarctica Report †the environment and scientific research Essay

IntroductionThe gr release icy continent of Antarctica is determined at the southward- roughly address on hide and in the heart of the Antarctic Circle, referred to as the ice-cold desert. Antarctica covers the entire land and water region south of the latitude 600 S with no defined persistentitude, the continent spans most the entire Antarctic Circle. In reference to Australia, the eastern half of Antarctica ranges from a close 3,800km south of mainland Australia with Mawson Station hardened advertize west. Due to its location, early expeditions to Antarctica were usu ally carried out on boat with a stop at islands along the way i.e. Macquarie Island- now one of the four main Australian explore bases in Australian Territory of the Antarctic Peninsula.Australia controls the capaciousst graphic symbol of Antarctica (43%) because of Sir Douglas Mawsons expedition to Antarctica in 1929-31. During this expedition, Mawson and his team social functionped majority of the East ern coast, context up camps along the way and eventually early(a) Australian expeditions rotary up s nullify outs use these maps. Later when the Antarctic Treaty was established, this link with Antarctica and the event that Australia was the first nation to map the eastern coast was considered, outgrowthing in Australias claim to this argona universe granted, leaving them with majority of Antarctica.The governing of Antarctica is unparalleled and genuinely diametrical from the rest of the world. It is governed by m whatever nations that chip in all claimed parts of the continent for scientific oceanrch who all argon guided and bound by The Antarctic Treaty. The Antarctic Treaty was designed and created by twelve cowcatcher countries (thither atomic number 18 now 38 countries) in 1961 to provide an agreement for the in store(predicate) c atomic number 18 and use of Antarctica and to avoid territorial and other disputes. The Treaty encourages international co- summons in scientific research and in recognition of Antarctica cosmosness the last be wilderness on Earth, the Madrid Protocol was established to help the conservation of the environment and peace on Antarctica. Elements of The Antarctic Treaty include Antarctica shall be apply for peaceful purposes still (Art.1), Freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue (Art.2), Scientific observations and results from Antarctica shall be exchanged and made freely avail suitable (Art. III).Lying at the south-most point on Earth, Antarctica is very a unique continent, renowned for a very harsh mood and an environment that has caused both, humans and animals, to adapt to the extreme conditions. Despite stripped infrastructure, Antarctica houses various forms of extensive scientific research conducted at its numerous bases.ClimateMawsons climate is typical of frequently of the coast of East Antarctica where the ice caps ar benefaction at sea level. The climate of Mawson St ation place be described and categorized into four main athletic fields rainfall, temperatures, wind speeds and direction and plastered nonchalant averages.One of the main features of Mawsons climate are the extremely cold daily maximums and strippeds feed there by dint of most of the year. The mean maximum temperature ranges from its hottest at about 2.60C in January to the last daily maximum-15.60C in the peak of winter (July, Au gust, September). The annual mean for the daily maximum is -8.40C, more or less the same as the mean in March and October.The mean daily minimums are not vey variant to the daily maximums, a contrast compared to most parts of the world where the daily minimum and maximum require a greater difference. The mean daily minimum is at its highest in the month of January at -2.60C, dropping down considerably in March by most 110C to -13.30C, marginally lovesomeer than the annual minimum average of -14.3. Similar to the mean daily maximums, the me an minimums are at their lowest in winter, leaving a gap/difference of about 60C between the cardinal (maximum and minimum). Although the mean temperatures approximately Mawson are mostly in the negatives, they are unperturbed a lot warmer and pleasant than those experient in majority of Antarcticas inland as the station lies near the coast and at a lower altitude of about 1,200m compared to the inland where altitudes rise up to closely 3,00m above sea level.Another characteristic of Mawsons climate is the incredible winds undergo at Mawson and their high speeds. hooks around Mawson blow predominantly from the east and south, heading in a northwest direction. The mean annual wind speed is almost 40 km/h at 3pm, with some extreme speeds go past 120km/h during the year in peak winter (3pm). The maximum gust speeds go by 140 knots frequently with the highest recorded wind gust ever in the area reaching an amazing 248.4km/h early in the morning. Wind speed are generally unattac kableer during the winters, rising up to an average of 44km/h in August at 3pm compared to an average of 27-28km/h in December/January. close precipitation falls as snow in Antarctica with no significant rainfall recorded near Mawson Station. As a result of Antarctica receiving less than 50mm of rainfall per year, the Antarctic region is classified as a desert-the coldest and driest desert in the world. Snowfall occurs regularly doneout the year- chiefly during late summer clock era when the snow is still able to fall without frost. Although this snowfall is not very significant, it still has an blow on the climate around Mawson Station.The lowest temperatures at Mawson vary greatly as the seasons change. During the seasons of drop and spring, the lowest ever recorded temperatures for each month (during these two seasons) have been very similar. The lowest temperatures of March, April and May all range inside the late mid-twenties to early thirties, almost identical to those o f September, October and early November. Where as, the lowest ever temperatures in winter and summer are in great contrast, as the lowest during summer goes down to a less extreme -17.30C in February compared to freezing -360C in August.The reason for Antarcticas very cold climate and its frequent change of size is the concept of the Earths revolution. The Earth is constantly rotating around an axis that runs through the north and South Pole at an pitch of relative incidence (leaving the Earth always at a tilt of 23.50), completing one rotation all 24 hours. The Earths rotation is the reason that day and night are experienced, as when a part of the world is facing towards the Sun, it would be day, and when it rotates around to be by from the Sun, it bring abouts night. While the Earth is rotating on its axis (completing a rotation either 24 hours), it is in constant revolution around the Sun (completing a revolution all 365 days).As the Earth is always tilted the same way, the stagecoach at which the Earth is at during its revolution determines the concentration and strength of the shaft of lights hitting the particular area. For example, if it is December 21 in the southern hemisphere the angle of incidence will have this part of the Earth closer to the Sun/tilted towards it causing the Suns ray to be concentrated at a smaller area and thus being stronger and creating more heating. This is because during summer the Sun is directly above the Earth due to the tilt. As the equator is in no hemisphere, the angle of the rays is the same throughout the year, creating the same season for 365 days. Where as, the poles, which are located at top of the northern hemisphere and bottom of the southern hemisphere, have two altogether different seasons. During summer they rotate around the axis but are always facing towards the Sun, thus having sunlight for almost 24 hours per day.However, during winter, the poles- in this exercise the south pole- is tilted a way from the Sun and when rotating on the tilted axis, it remains away from Sun for most of the time, thus having no sunlight. This process/revolution continues for the solid year, in which the South Pole has experienced both summer and winter. Because of this reason and that it is located around the South Pole, Antarctica experiences these extreme aggregates of daylight and unfairnessness. As a result of these extreme seasons, a huge amount of sea ice is formed during winter, as the temperature gets extremely cold, quickly melting as summer approaches and the temperature rises above freezing point. If Antarctica were located near the equator, this effect would not occur as firstly, the temperatures would not be as low because the suns rays are stronger there because of the angle of incidence, but withal the change in seasons would not be as extreme with the hours of daylight barely varying throughout the year.Mawson StationLocation Mawson is a particularly favourable location f or a station, with thin access to the hinterland/open inland areas and surrounding coastal waters. It is overly located near a harbour sheltered from the main body of the ocean and with a abundant depth and mouth not too narrow, during the ice-free period ordinarily experienced in February, a enchant may anchor within 100 metres of the station. Barges carrying the lading would take only a few minutes to travel from the station to station as it is located right on the shore up. There is also a magnetic quiet area for research and tests requiring very little magnetic interference.The StationThe base at Mawson has a very simplistic layout. It consists of many an(prenominal) expressions in a unfold out area (as shown in the image on the right) each for different purposes with the skill related builds located closer to the shore. Everyone lives in the main accommodation building (the rosy-cheeked deteriorate located the furthest from the shore), in modern air-conditioned s ingle-room bedrooms. The Red Shed also houses the s contractry, lounge, kitchen, and dining room. The Red Shed at Mawson base has indoor climbing, a home orbit, photographic dark room, a library and several common sitting areas for passing time during the winters. As it is a multi-recreation and living building, neither scientists nor other workers conduct their research there but expeditioners use it for day-to-day work.The green store is other one of the buildings that dominate the skyline at Mawson. It is located in front of (closer to the harbour) the Red Shed and is where all the dry food and most frozen food are stored. The robes store, field store and equipment spares are also located here. Inside is quaver climbing wall and open space for games like volleyball. Similar to the Red Shed, the green store is used for day-to-day work rather than scientific research.The operation building (the yellow building near the green store) houses the Station Leaders office, communicati ons, the post office and the Bureau of Meteorology. It is the home for the work of the telecommunication technicians, station leaders and many electricians.The Main Power House (the blue building near the shore) is where all the electricity for the station is generated and is where many more of the electricians, technicians and mechanics work. devour heat from the generators is piped around the station and used to heat the buildings.The trades work give away (known as Red Dwarf), located near the main power building, houses all the offices and work area for the trades such as the Diesel mechanics, plumbers and electricians.The waste management building is responsible for processing all sewerage and non-toxic liquid waste. It is located a bit away from the main part of the station with very few workers.The cosmic ray observatory (located near the set down strip and shore) contains telescopes that detect and measure cosmic rays coming from right(prenominal) our solar system. It has a shaft going down in the rock to a vault to a second set of telescopes and also some seismal detection equipment. It is home for scientists working in the field of seismology, cosmic ray physics, meteorology and atmospheric physics.The Anaresat dome (next to the Red Shed) is the home to technicians in the field of telecommunications and scientists in the field of Cosmic Ray physics.The general science building (where the biologists and geophysicists work) is located behind the green store.The Aeronomy (home to atmospheric space physics and climate change studies) is where majority of the atmospheric physicists work and the white building is located at the farthermost corner, away from the shore.The carpenters workshop is where the carpenters do majority of their work. The building is located near the middle of the station, standing out with its brightly coloured doors.The Magnetic Variometer hut- a particular building that houses sensors that measure and record the changes in t he Earths magnetic field- and the magnetic absolutes hut are located next to each other behind the waste disposal hut, write on top of a magnetically quiet area.At Mawson Station, there is also a emergency vehicle shelter where all the fire fighting equipment is stored, a high relative frequency radio-transmitter hut, one aircraft hanger, three helipads (used infrequently), numerous inflatable rubber boat sheds, the wharf (where cargo is loaded and unloaded), a Sun recorder building and two provoke farms all spread out around the station. Most of these buildings are located in a cluster together with few in a different location due to restriction and demand i.e. magnetically quiet areas.The scientific programs under taken in and around Mawson include* Middle and upper atmosphere physics.* Cosmic ray physics and meteorology.* Geomagnetism and seismology.* Biology and medicinal studies.* Automated upper atmospheric sciences.* Climate change studies.Although one of the harshest envi ronments on the planet, Antarctica is also one of the most vulnerable and is quickly being effected as a result of human behavior. There have been many effects on the environment and wildlife in Antarctica caused by humans- mainly holidaymakers that come and go- and their activities. Humans traveling to and from Antarctica (tourists and scientists) are the cause of many impacts on the environment as their trips involve the send offs, accommodation, vehicles and other amenities which all can have an impact on the environment.One of the major impacts humans are having on Antarcticas wildlife, is that the usual feeding and huddling grounds for penguins and other animals are being screwball and in some cases, destroyed, taking away the habitat and vegetation needed for them to survive. This is a result of many tourists and scientists using areas- that are important to wildlife- for their own needs and desires (i.e. camps, research facilities), leaving the wildlife to find mod home s and adapt to conditions sometimes not suitable for their needs (i.e. not close plentiful to the water, not large enough or not the right climate). The mode of transport taken by most visitors, boats, is violateing the marine life and destroying parts of their environment. Various shapes and sizes of boats are cut outting through the Southern marine and arriving in harbours where the marine life and depth is quite shallow.In some occasions, fuel tanks are being scraped, creating a minor spring in them that, over a period of time anchored at the harbour, releases tonnes of fuel and other toxic chemicals, scarring the marine life. As a result of this and to prevent further release of toxic chemicals, The Australian government and the ADD have banned large ships or boats with old systems and engines from entering Antarctic waters, reducing the possibility of harm to marine life. As for the problem of destruction to wildlife habitats, the ADD has highly-developed laws that prohibi t the use of wildlife-important areas for human use. As a result of this, scientists and visitors are banned from using areas with high importance to animal activity (i.e. breeding grounds and huddling areas) and kinda forcing them to work in already human-developed areas like move.Another impact that humans are having on Antarcticas environment is the increasing amount of environmental pollution being released in forms of excess waste being dispersed into the oceans and environment in the form of litter. Due to an increasing number of people in Antarctica every year, tonnes of extra waste are being produced and dumped everywhere, releasing toxic chemicals which can become concentrated in the bodies of local wildlife, such as seals, penguins and whales, harming them in the long term. The issue of excess waste polluting the environment is also a result of original waste management strategies not being adequate or designed for a situation like this where the amount of humans present in Antarctica is much more than forecasted.Until relatively recently, waste disposal management in Antarctica was similar to elsewhere in the world with open tips, land fills and the burning or discharging of most sewage into the sea, as well as the practice of sea-icing dumping rubbish onto the sea ice during winter to float away and sink during the summer, with the areas around stations being contaminated from oil and chemical spills.Now, after new laws protecting the environment of Antarctica, waste is being split into many categories, each with a different strategy to stop the release of it into the environment. Hazardous materials such as polystyrene beads and radioactive materials are prohibited from entry into Antarctica most other wastes are to be incinerated in a two-stage high incinerator with the resultant ash returned to Australia, metals, plastics, paper, cardboard and glass are separated and returned to Australia for recycling and the installation biological sewage t reatment plants are all strategies that the Government of Australia are using to prevent pollution- as a result of excess waste- into the Antarctic environment.Adaptations to the Antarctic EnvironmentHuman AdaptationComparisons betwixt Mawsons Expedition and TodayMawsonTodayTransport* Wooden sleds pulled by dogs- not very stable and efficient.* Large wooden boats and ships with sail and masks.* Feet- walking around and pulling sleds with butt.* Wooden, mechanic carts for transporting things around bases.* Used the ship Aurora Australis when it was fist made in 1950s.* Small planes that can land on large strips of ice.* Helicopters for shorter distances or rescues.* Small cruise ships with navigation, etc.* Off road vehicles for driving around the station.* Emergency vehicle shelter for vehicles used in emergencies.* The inflatable rubber boats for summer months when ice has blown out.Equipment* Wooden shovels, a compass and mostly non-automated equipment.* Signals to communicate a nd fire for heat-no phones or electrical heat.* Basic survival equipment- a limited amount taken on expeditions- food, necessaries, etc.* Basic tents prone to being destroyed in strong winds-not completely water tight.* Some metallic, some wooden tools to dig, cut and carry items in.* Telecommunication and navigation ways like phones, GPSs and full-proof maps.* Waterproof tents with firmness to withstand strong winds.* Metal tools to dig, cut, gather water and cook meals. obedient quality equipment.* Normal da to day equipment like boxes to come about samples in.Clothing* Several layers of basic warm clothing-no proper insulation-weighed more than modern clothing.* Gloves, fabric headdress (beanie like0 covering most of face with no proper insulation for the nose.* Insulated clothing with minimum weight.* Brightly coloured clothing to stand out and be easy spotted.* Clothing that can get wet and dries quicker than most.* Gloves, beanies, and nose protection with maximum insulatio n.Humans have adapted to the Antarctic climate with the use of new technology, more user-friendly equipment like automatic vehicles rather than human pulled sleds and clothing that not only protects expeditioners from the cold with better results than clothing used in Mawsons expedition, but at the same time is also comfortable to wear, allowing activities to be completed with ease.Todays transport in Antarctica- off-vehicles, portable rubber boats and small aircrafts- are all much more efficient than those used in Mawsons expedition- human or dog pulled sleds and wooden carts. They require less human strength and aught that can instead be used in conserving body heat, are a lot less time consuming allowing more work to be completed or a greater distance covered in an expedition and most of all, the new forms of transport are much more trustworthy with a less risk of breaking down or failing in the middle of an expedition.Another adaption humans have made to help skirmish the An tarctic climate is their improved clothing that has better insulation, conserving more heat. This clothing has made humans feel as if they are feeling the same temperature as in other cold places around the world with very little extra weight on themselves. They have also been able to carry tools around on expeditions that can dig, cut and build with greater ease than those of Mawsons expedition. This adaption has allowed humans to not be prevented and stopped by physical barriers on Antarctica and instead overcome them, using stronger tools like those used around the world.Animal Adaptation Every environment is subject to changes that vary from season to season and from year to year. stock-still in Antarctica where it is always cold the variations can be quite marked. For example, the number and intensity of storms and blizzards can vary from year to year as can the time at which the sea-ice forms in autumn or breaks out in summer. These environmental changes are likely to have an influence on the animals that live there. Nature has provided the emperor butterfly butterfly moth butterfly penguin with a need to adapt to the extreme conditions of Antarctica. Standing 1.2m tall, over time the largest penguin has developed many physical and behavioral adaptations that leave it as a truly amazing bird, which not only easily survive the Antarctic winters, but also are also capable of doing almost anything during the time.Emperor Penguins have excellent insulation against the cold in the form of several layers of scale-like feathers that take very strong winds (over 60 knots) to get them ruffled. They have a very small file and flippers, which conserve heat and are not as exposed to the temperatures due to their size. Their nasal chambers also recover much of the heat that is normally baffled during exhalation. They also possess strong claws in their feet for gripping the ice and slippery surfaces, allowing them to waddle instead of sliding around on their bel lies all the time.Another special physical adaptation of the emperor penguin is the susceptibility to recycle its own body heat. The emperors arteries and veins lie close together so that blood is pre-cooled on the way to the birds feet, wings and bill and warmed on the way abide to the heart. Emperor penguins have large reserves of energy- heavy(a) body avoirdupois to use during low-level activities during winter.The emperor penguin also possesses many behavioral advantages to survive in the climate of Antarctica. They are very social creatures, and one of their survival mechanisms is an urge to huddle together to keep warm. To keep warm, the males close ranks to share their warmth. Even though Emperors are large birds and when carrying their incubation fat, they are about as large around the chest as a human, they still huddle on very cold days, with as many as ten packed into every square metre, cutting heat loss by as much as 50%. This huddling instinct means that they do not defend any territory (the emperor penguin is the only species of penguin that is not territorial) and instead radiate heat and keep warm together.Another behavioral technique used by the emperor penguin to survive the conditions in Antarctica is their ability to mate and reproduce during winter rather than in summer and take care of their eggs. Like most penguins, emperor parents closely share parental duties. What is unique about emperors however, is the co-operation between males while carrying out their parenting duties. Once the egg has been laid during winter, the male emperor puts the egg under his grudge flap to keep it warm at about 380C so that the egg can eventually hatch instead of dying inside.During this period of a few months, the male does not eat anything and instead closes together with the others to stay warm himself and to keep the egg warm while the mother goes off to find food. When she comes back after winter is almost done, the chick, which would have hatche d around the time, is fed and looked after until December at which stage, they are almost the same size as their parents. Because of this cycle formed by the emperor penguins and the ability to breed during winter, the young are hatched and brought up during the early summer instead of peak winter, giving them a higher probability of survival.ConclusionFrom the harsh and extreme climate to the rocky and wildlife-populated shores, the continent of Antarctica is unique in almost every way. Larger than two continents combined, covering the South Pole and the driest of the deserts every seen, along with the majestic ice sculptures found nowhere else on the planet, Antarctica draws hundreds of tourists every year to experience these wonders from the welcome surroundings of world renowned stations established by expedition leaders like Sir Douglas Mawson. No doubt, both humans and animals have had to adapt to the devilishly changing climate, but now that they have, they too are enjoying the beauty of Antarctica.ReferencesA Livingston Technologies Production. (2012, February ). Design Your Logo. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from Cool Text http//cooltext.com/Logo-Design-Bad-AcidAustralian Government. (2002, June 04). Aurora Australis. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from Australian Antarctic surgical incision http//www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/travel-and-logistics/ships/aurora-australisAustralian Government. (2002, June 5). Mawson. Retrieved April 9, 2013, from Australian Antarctic Division http//www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/stations/mawsonFord, A. B. (2013, February). Antarctica. Retrieved April 7, 2013, from Encyclopaedia Britannica http//school.eb.com.au/eb/article-24711?query=Mawson%20Station&ct=Gaidos, S. (2009, February 2). Antarctica warms, which threatens penguins. (Science News For Kids) Retrieved April 10, 2013, from Earth http//www.sciencenewsforkids.org/2009/02/antarctica-warms-which-threatens-penguins-2/Harrowfield, D. (1997). Living and Working in Antarctica. (University of Canterbury Christchurch, New Zealand) Retrieved April 9, 2013, from inlet Antarctica http//www.anta.canterbury.ac.nz/resources/living.htmlJudge, A. (2010). Antarctica Discovery (Vol. 1). Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Pearson Australia.Maugans Corporation . (2012, July). Antarctica. Retrieved April 7, 2013, from Destop Nexus http//nature.desktopnexus.com/wallpaper/117302/Oxford University Press. (2010). Mawson Station. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from Oxford Atlas http//203.166.81.53/secondary/NewOxfordAtlas/VFW/MAWSON/activity.htmlRoyal Geographical Society. (2011). Making Claims. Retrieved April 11, 2013, from Discovering Antarctica http//www.discoveringantarctica.org.uk/9_claims.phpWard, P. (2001). Antarctica Climate and Weather. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from Cool Antarctica http//www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/antarctica%20environment/climate_graph/climate_weather.htmWienecke, B. (2011, March). Emperor Penguin. Retrieved Ap ril 12, 2013, from Sisters School District http//ssdstudent.net/SMS/2010_11/spro/penguins.htm supplementOxford AtlasVirtual Fieldwork1. Mawson station- an Australian scientific research base named after Sir Douglas Mawson- is located on the eastern side of Antarctica currently claimed by Australia at 670S 620E and south of the Antarctic Circle. Mawson is situated along an isolated outcrop of rock on the coast in Mac.Robertson Land and the south eastern shore of Horseshoe Harbour. Although usually considered closer to Hobart than any other Australian city, Mawson Station is actually situated about 5,475km from Hobart, further than the 5223km southwest of Perth. Relative to Australias main cities, Mawson Station lies far to the west of them, falling between South Africas Cape Town and Perth in the Southern oceanic.Australia owns and maintains three permanent scientific research bases all located within Australias main Antarctic region and one on Macquarie Island in the sub-Antarctic. The three stations are evenly distributed along the coast of Antarctica with Mawson being the most westerly of the three continental stations and the first one built and established. Davis is the most southerly of the stations and is situated SSW of Perth, on the Ingrid Christensen border of Princess Elizabeth Land and between the other two. Casey is located in the Windmill Islands, just immaterial the Antarctic Circle and the only one of three located outside the Antarctic Circle.2. Mawsons climate is typical of much of the coast of East Antarctica where the ice caps are present at sea level. The main features of Mawsons climate are the extremely cold temperatures present there through most of the year. The mean maximum temperature ranges from about 2.50C in January to -15.50C in the peak of winter (July, August, September). Although temperatures around Mawson are mostly in the negatives, they are still a lot warmer and pleasant than those experienced in majority of Antarcticas inland as the station lies near the coast and at a lower altitude.Winds around Mawson are predominantly from the east and south with the mean annual speed being almost 40 km/h while extreme speeds go past 120km/h in peak winter and maximum gust speeds exceed 140 knots frequently. As it lies south of the Antarctic Circle, the Sun does not rise at Mawson for approximately six weeks from the first week in June and does not set for the same period from early December. During those six weeks in June and July, the day consists of a few hours of twilight.3. The Aurora Australis is Australias Antarctic flagship and was named after the aurora emitted around Antarctica. knowing as a multi-purpose research and resupply ship, the Aurora was built for the Australia Antarctic Program by P&O Polar and launched in September 1989. The ship is 94.9 metres long and 3911 tonnes in weight. It has a cruising speed of 13 knots, and accommodates 116 passengers plus crew. It is capable of breaking ice up t o 1.23 metres thick. The Aurora regularly sails across the Southern sea where storms can generate 10 metre high seas and winds of 120150 km/h.The Aurora Australis, designed specifically for trips to and from Antarctica, has many features for this instance. Six of these features are* Installed in the ship are ways for satellite communications (not present on mainland Antarctica), allowing people on the ship to phone anywhere in the world at any time or stay in touch by email.* The ships kitchen can go through 4500 eggs, 1000 kg of potatoes and 280 litres of ice cream. The ship can produce up to 45,000 litres of fresh water per day for use on board for both drinking and other uses. As the trip to Antarctica and back can easily take up to six weeks, a large kitchen and food supply are extremely necessary.* The ships colour, bright orange, is particoloured all around it so that it can stand out in the ocean and making it easier to spot for rescue teams.* Three helicopters can be housed in the hangar and operate from the dedicated helicopter deck at the rear of the ship. They can go to and from the ship ahead to Antarctica or rush back to Australia in an emergency via the ship to refuel.* The ship is well equipped for marine science research with a commercial sized trawl deck, and a commercial hydro acoustic system for the assessment of Southern Ocean organisms such as krill. It also has a general-purpose lab for processing net samples, a hydrographic lab, tilt freezer, meteorological lab, five multi-purpose laboratories, a photographic dark room and a scientific workroom.* The Aurora Australis is painted a very bright orange, thus allowing it to be easily seen and spotted in ice-spread waters.4. Mawson base was first established on 13 February 1954, when an expedition led by Dr Phillip Law landed on the shore of Horseshoe Harbour (located on the coast of Mac Robertson Land), naming the new station in honour of Australias greatest polar explorer, Sir Douglas Maw son. Law had chosen this place to establish the station after viewing photographs of Mac Robertson Land from the expeditions of 1929-1931 led by Sir Douglas Mawson and 1946-47 by an aircraft from an American expedition. He chose the location because of its key locality near the coast, the large natural harbour (Horseshoe Harbour), a major hotspot for wildlife to conduct scientific research on and the permanently exposed rock present there for building, requiring very little to be shipped over.During the first year, living quarters, a works hut, the engine shed, two store huts and a carpenters shop were built and by 1966, the number of buildings had increase to fifty including the construction of the first aircraft hanger in Antarctica.Mawsons location lies on the coast with Horseshoe Harbour spread around it. At the southern end of the station, (Horseshoe Harbour), ice sheets cover the waters surface near the shore, leading out into the Southern Ocean. The Mawson region is one of the richest areas for seabirds in the Australian Antarctic Territory, and posts living colonies of emperor and Adelie penguins, petrels and seals.The base at Mawson has very comfortable living conditions. It consists of many buildings in an area (as shown in the image on the right) each for different purposes. Everyone lives in the main accommodation building (the Red Shed), in modern air-conditioned single-room bedrooms. The Red Shed also houses the surgery, lounge, kitchen, and dining room. The Red Shed at Mawson base has indoor climbing, a home theatre, photographic dark room, a library and several common sitting areas for passing time during the winters. The green store is one of the buildings that dominate the skyline at Mawson. It is also where all the dry food and most frozen food are stored. The clothing store, field store and equipment spares are also located here. Inside is another rock climbing wall and open space for games like volleyball.The operation building houses t he Station Leaders office, communications, the post office and the Bureau of Meteorology. The Main Power House is where all the electricity for the station is generated. Waste heat from the generators is piped around the station and used to heat the buildings. The trades workshop (known as Red Dwarf) houses all the offices and work area for the trades such as the Diesel mechanics, plumbers and electricians.At Mawson Station, there is also a waste management building, emergency vehicle shelter where all the fire fighting equipment is stored, a high frequency radio-transmitter hut, one aircraft hanger, three helipads (used infrequently), a cosmic ray observatory, The Anaresat dome (a large satellite dish), numerous inflatable rubber boats, the general science building (where the biologists and geophysicists work), the Aeronomy (home to atmospheric space physics), the carpenters workshop, Magnetic Variometer hut- a special building that houses sensors that measure and record the change s in the earths magnetic field, magnetic absolutes hut, the wharf (where cargo is loaded and unloaded), the Sun recorder building and two fuel farms.Facilities At Mawson StationTransportScientificOther Amenities* The emergency vehicle shelter with fire-fighting equipment and other vehicles.* The three helipads and one aircraft hanger and airstrip (currently out of use).* The post office and the high frequency radio transmitter hut for communication.* The inflatable rubber boats for summer months when ice has blown out.* The wharf (the cargo dock).* The cosmic ray observatory and the Bureau Of Meteorology.* The Anaresat dome with the large satellite dish.* The photographic dark room and the library inside the Red Shed.* The general science building where majority of the science is conducted.* The Aeronomy- atmospheric space physics.* The Magnetic Variometer Hut.* The magnetic absolutes hut.* A Sun recorder building.* The Red sheds living quarters, surgery, lounge, kitchen, dining, th eatre and recreation rooms.* The facilities in the Green Store frozen food storage, clothes store, equipment spares, field store and rock climbing wall.* The waste management building, offices and the main powerhouse.* The gym building (formerly a general room).5. The four main priority programs undertaken by Australian research scientists in Antarctica are* Climate processes and change.* Terrestrial and Near-shore Ecosystems Environmental qualify and Conservation.* Southern Ocean Ecosystems Environmental Change and Conservation.* Frontier ScienceClimate processes and change Climate Processes and Change investigates the role of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the world(a) climate system. Its main focus and importance is to address uncertainties identified in The Fourth Assessment (2007) report, which highlights the lack of climate data around the Southern Ocean and Antarctica. It also investigates the role of the region in slowing climate change and the future behavior of the ice.Terrestrial and Near-shore Ecosystems This program investigates the effects of environmental change on Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic terrestrial and coastal ecosystems. This program provides the scientific basis to guide and develop enhanced environmental protection for these ecosystems.Southern Ocean Ecosystems the Southern Ocean is facing many threats to its marine life and ecosystems as a result of physical and biological changes that are being caused because of fishing, climate change and acidification. Scientific research under this theme is helping scientists understand the impact of global change on Southern Ocean ecosystems, the effective conservation of Antarctic and Southern Ocean wildlife and the sustainable, ecosystem-based management of Southern Ocean fisheries.Frontier Science The focus of Frontier Science is to encourage and support research that falls outside the priorities of the other research departments along with focusing in the environmental science in the o ther categories. It is basically about learning about sciences beside climate change and the causes and effects of them.6. If you were travelling to a penguin colony 90 kilometres away from Mawson Station, you would most likely travel by a small plane or helicopter capable of landing without requiring a constructed airstrip or helipad. These to options would be far better than by land as conditions along the way could potentially halt your journey-leaving you stranded without support or rescue, it would take a lot longer and a lot more supplies and clothing would be required. Adequate clothing would be required to dispute the cold temperatures especially during winter. You would carry and wear a thermal, a suit that constrains heat, thick gloves, headwear that covers majority of your face as well, long insulated pants, thick jackets and other items of clothing usually warn also in Northern Russia and Canada.7. The area of Antarctica is almost double the size in September than in Ma rch as a result of sea ice freezing during the winter (September) and melting during the summer (March). Over a 12-month period, the sea ice begins to melt and the size of Antarctica begins to decrease towards the end of September. It continues to do so until March, when it is almost half the size. Once again, when winter begins around the beginning of April, the sea ice begins to gradually freeze increasing the area of Antarctica every month until September before the cycle begins again. Scientists use a variety of technology to research these changes. They use drones and satellites to examine the area and measure the increase of size. The satellites map out the area and give an aerial view for scientists to examine and interpret. They examine the oceans, atmosphere and climate patterns to describe and prove how the change occurs.An ice core is a core sample that is typically removed from an ice sheets, most commonly from the polar ice caps or high mountain glaciers. As the ice for ms from the additive build up of annual layers of snow, lower layers are older than upper, and an ice core contains ice formed over a range of years. The properties of the ice and the recrystallized inclusions within the ice can then be used to reconstruct a climatic record based around the age range of the core, normally through analyzing their elements. This enables the reconstruction of local temperature records and the history of atmospheric composition as they contain information about the past climate.8. Over time the emperor has developed many physical and behavioral adaptations that leave it as a truly amazing bird, which not only can survive the Antarctic winters, but also are capable of doing almost anything during the time. Unlike other animals that have inhabited Antarctica, emperor penguins spend time on both land and water throughout the year, being able to do what they like without the fear of fearful predators and possibly not surviving through the winter.Emperor Pe nguins have excellent insulation against the cold in the form of several layers of scale-like feathers that take very strong winds (over 60 knots) to get them ruffled. They have a very small bill and flippers, which conserve heat and are not as exposed to the temperatures due to their size. Their nasal chambers also recover much of the heat that is normally lost during exhalation. They also possess strong claws in their feet for gripping the ice and slippery surfaces, allowing them to waddle instead of sliding around on their bellies all the time.Another special physical adaptation of the emperor penguin is the ability to recycle its own body heat. The emperors arteries and veins lie close together so that blood is pre-cooled on the way to the birds feet, wings and bill and warmed on the way back to the heart. Emperor penguins have large reserves of energy-giving body fat to use during low-level activities during winter.The emperor penguin also possesses many behavioral advantages t o survive in the climate of Antarctica. They are very social creatures, and one of their survival mechanisms is an urge to huddle together to keep warm. To keep warm, the males close ranks to share their warmth. Even though Emperors are large birds and when carrying their incubation fat, they are about as large around the chest as a human, they still huddle on very cold days, with as many as ten packed into every square metre, cutting heat loss by as much as 50%. This huddling instinct means that they do not defend any territory (the emperor penguin is the only species of penguin that is not territorial) and instead radiate heat and keep warm together.Another behavioral technique used by the emperor penguin to survive the conditions in Antarctica is their ability to mate and reproduce during winter rather than in summer and take care of their eggs. Like most penguins, emperor parents closely share parental duties. What is unique about emperors however, is the co-operation between ma les while carrying out their parenting duties. Once the egg has been laid during winter, the male emperor puts the egg under his brood flap to keep it warm at about 380C so that the egg can eventually hatch instead of dying inside.During this period of a few months, the male does not eat anything and instead closes together with the others to stay warm himself and to keep the egg warm while the mother goes off to find food. When she comes back after winter is almost done, the chick, which would have hatched around the time, is fed and looked after until December at which stage, they are almost the same size as their parents. Because of this cycle formed by the emperor penguins and the ability to breed during winter, the young are hatched and brought up during the early summer instead of peak winter, giving them a higher chance of survival.Scientists are continuously researching and discovering new behavioral and physical facts about the emperor penguin. They capture the penguins for a while to examine them, using state of the art technology undertaken by biologists both on Antarctica and back in Australia. Some of the research includes learning about the emperors breeding habits, physical body, behavior habits and they are adapting to the changing climate.9. Tourist travel to Antarctica for a wide range of reasons including an opportunity to experience and view the unique environment with incredible icebergs, auroras, ice arches and wildlife only seen and present there. Tourists usually make the boat trip to Antarctica during the summer between October and February as the climate is at its best, the pack ice is at its lowest, the Sun is high in the sky for most of the day and wildlife is most active at the time, wondering out into the open. A typical journey taken by a tourist to Antarctica usually begins in either Ushuaia (Argentina), Hobart (Australia), Cape Town (South Africa) or Christchurch (New Zealand) with most choosing the first two. A large boat or s mall ship is taken from one of these locations, before a long few weeks spent on the waters in more than adequate living conditions.During the journey, tourists can take part in many activities normally present on basic ocean cruises. These include activities like swimming, movies, dining, whale watching, witnessing sights found nowhere else on Earth and other activities to pass time. Once arriving at a station in Antarctica, tourists spend their time on the continent in and around the station, undertaking numerous activities ranging from workaday indoor activities like rock climbing, viewing scientific programs and spending time in the library to outdoor activities like watching the penguins, taking a sea kayak to get a close up on sea birds and whales, trekking past and up majestic mountains, scuba diving, walking on the ice and exploring historical huts left behind by various expeditions.There are many impacts on the environment and wildlife in Antarctica caused mainly by the t ourists that come and go. The tourism perseverance to Antarctica involves much more than just the tourists as it involves the ships, accommodation, vehicles and other amenities required for the tourists. Because of this, the wildlife is having a major impact with usual feeding and huddling grounds for penguins being upset ad in some cases destroyed along with other places for other species like the rocks being used for construction, taking away the habitat of the seals. Tourists also have an impact on the environment like they do all around the world with specific places being developed especially for them.Parts of Mawson Station has been developed and built recently just for tourists, destroying parts of the natural environment as many of the materials like rocks come from Antarctica instead of being shipped over. The transport in which tourists arrive, boats, also have effect the waters as oil spills- regular due to the ice- pollute the waters harming the whales and other marine life. As a result of this, large ships have been prohibited from the waters around Antarctica as they not only pollute the water, but also disturb and crack the ice. Waste management is another problem occurring at Mawson Station with tonnes of waste accumulating on the continent, creating a major headache for workers to clean up before its the toxic chemicals start having an impact on the environment.

Malcom X and Amy Tan

Hide Course card Menu Management Options Refresh Display Course Menu in a Window Course Menu PREP 108 Introduction to College Writing Houses Entry pageboy Announcements Syllabus and Course Schedule Instructor BIO Unit 1 unit 2 My Grades Tools Course evaluation Email My Class Student Help Reading Blob 2 Malcolm X and Tan Actions for core Page Create Blob Entry View Drafts Content Please answer the following questions as thoroughly as possible. While these entries are due Wednesday September 3 before class, you are take to take until Friday to complete them. Malcolm X, Learning to Read Questions (from 50 Essays) .How did the process by which Malcolm knowing to read disaccord from the typical way people learn to read? 2. Though Malcolm changed realityy an(prenominal) of his views after the time cover in this portion of his archives, the project of recovering African history remained important to him and remains important to many African Americans. How do you react to his claim s about African history? Tan, overprotect Tongue 1 . proclivity the different side of meat Tan describes, defining each. 2. Do you use different languages yourself? Even if English is your sole language, consider how your use of it hanged depending on circumstances and audience.Write an essay in which you describe the different ways you call and the meaning of these differences. Friday, September 5, 2014 Malcolm X and Tan Posted by Access the profile card for user Alexis camp September 5, 2014 AM KODAK Alexis Gang Proof. Day PREP AWAY 5 September 2014 Alexis Gang at Friday, 1 . Malcolm X learned how to read different from many other people, he learned how to read at the Norfolk Prison. At the prison he would read the dictionary to get a violate understand of how to read a book and know the meaning of every word.Malcolm was so interested in the dictionary he would spend three to four hours sitting on his cell floor bonnie for the light to read constantly. Malcolm read during late hours all the time to the point he knew when the guards did a shadow walk through of each cell hallway. 2. Malcolm Axs view on African American history was solemn and made me think that few points he made did actually make sense in some parts. One point that was interesting was when he said If you started with a unappeasable man, a gabardine man could be produced but starting with a Whitman, you never could produce a black man- cause the white gene is recessive (peg. 77). Malcolm made sense of the views of African American history to the point where reading this autobiography has me thinking that maybe the world did start off with a black man instead of a white man. His views did give me a outlook on the history and makes me want to read more into black history and see if it is true that we started with a black man instead of white man. Tan Mother Tongue 1 . Tan describes ideal English as a form of English where the grammar is blameless along with the tenses.Along wit h standard English she also talked about the way she alas to her family and husband where that is called English of intimacy. The English that made an impact on her was her mothers English where some would call it limited English (peg. 419) where their English is ill-defined or not perfect. 2. English has been my first language. I was born in Fairbanks, Ak where everyone just speaks English and no terms or slang Just regular good ole English of yes maam and yes sir. As a child I learned how to talk from my parents, because as babies you repeat words and sounds like a parrot.I make believe really never put thought into how my English is use, but thinking of it now my English has changed from organism a little kid to and adult now. As a kid the way I talked I would always use anti and consider it a word and would argue if it was a word or not to everyone. Looking back at it anti wasnt a word and I wasnt using standard English my English was limited at the time to where some people could not understand what I was talking about half the time. As time went on my English got better with more acquaintance and words I had learned throughout my life in school to where I became great at standard English.