Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 1402 Words

One of the greatest pieces of literature during the Romantic Period is the novel, Frankenstein. This intelligent work of art was written by Mary Shelley. Shelley was born in London on August 30th, 1797 and died on February 1, 1851. People from all around the world have heard about the monster created by the one and only Victor Frankenstein; also known as the world’s maddest scientist that has ever lived in the fictional world. As many people do not know, Mary Shelley subtitled her book â€Å"Or, The Modern Prometheus?† This gothic novel is similar to that of the story about the Greek god Prometheus. Readers are given reasons to assume that her story might have something to do with the Greek myth about the titan named Prometheus. Victor†¦show more content†¦After a major battle in the heavens by the children of the titan Kronos, the titans were kicked out of the heavens for the most part, except for Prometheus. Prometheus helped the gods that were left, led by Zeus to gain power. He eventually fell short of favor with Zeus as he attempted to help the mortals on Earth, which Zeus despised. Zeus wanted to start over with creation and was waiting for the all the mortals to go extinct. Prometheus stopped this and granted mortals the gift of fire. As a result, Zeus had Prometheus tied and chained to the very top of the Caucasus Mountains. He was forced to suffer for the rest of his life and eternity until the arrival of Hercules. His liver was eaten every day by an Eagle and at dawn it would grow back only to be eaten again by the Eagle. Frankenstein and Prometheus attempted to bring life to this world, but without the consent of God, they were made to suffer for their actions. In Frankenstein the act of giving life to another mortal is very unhuman like, because it goes against all the rules of human nature. Prometheus also goes against rules of the gods by stealing fire and giving it as a gift to mortals on Earth. After they create their creations, both Dr. Frankenstein and Prometheus have to pay for their actions and do not get off so easy. They both get punished and tortured for ignoring the unwritten laws of nature and science. What they did was immoral. There are many different similarities

The Contribution Of The Field Of Archaeology - 1911 Words

All of our researchers are or were wholly concerned with creating meaning from the material fragments which characterized our past as humans. Both in terms of our cultural heritage and our social dynamic aspects of culture, the potentials available in archaeological approaches to explain our past vary widely and are often vestiges of their period in time. These four theorists are all of tremendous importance in their respective contributions to the field of archaeology. Throughout the short period of theoretical development within the archaeological discipline, the thought has quickly evolved often mirroring in many way the greater climate of ideas present within the mainstream ethos. In this way each of our theorists present their ideas from a frame unconcerned with others ideas. Comparing these ideas we easily see the representations, mentioned earlier, of the period from which these ideas arise. V. Gordon Childe, for instance, working in the early to mid 19th century, was a part of a world where racism was often projected within the social sciences and ideas of archaeology and anthropology were very much concerned with ethnography in the hopes of saving vestiges of the primitive societies which were thought to be on their way out of existence. His ideas of Frans Boaz argued for the uniqueness of cultures and the influence of individual events in shaping them. In his argument he posits there is no way of comparing cultures universally due to the individuality with whichShow MoreRelatedThe Egyptian Cultural Heritage Program Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesAssociation and many more. (UCL Institute of Archaeology). Additionally, the time and length of Hassan’s career spans more then 30 years of experience in the field of archeology (UCL Institute of Archaeology). He began his career in 1963 as a teaching assistance in the department of geology in Cairo University in Egypt (UCL Institute of Archaeology). He went on to participate in many research projects and fieldwork from about 1968 until 2009 (UCL Institute of Archaeology). Furthermore, in 2011 Hassan was theRead MoreDoing Archaeological Research Worksheet On The Library1231 Words   |  5 Pagesdigital books and journals Log into Portal. Click on the Library icon. 1. Type medieval archaeology into the Library search quick search box and hit submit. How many sources are found? What kinds of sources are here? 3 points There were 208,606 results found when searching medieval archaeology using the quick search. This search was decreased to 183,794 when the discipline of history and archaeology was applied to the refine search which may be more relevant. There are electronic books, journalRead MoreThe Study of Archaeology Essay examples1056 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to The Society for American Archaeology, the definition of Archaeology is, â€Å"to obtain a chronology of the past, a sequence of events and dates that, in a sense, is a backward extension of history.† The study of ancient civilizations and archaeology is rather ambiguous due to the primitive nature of the time period. With little imagery and even less textual evidence, professionals in the field must work diligently when studying their subjects. Naturally, archaeologists cannot see or communicateRead MoreCulture And Consumption : New Approaches917 Words   |  4 Pagesalso places an emphasis on civic engagement related to archaeology. From the 1990’s to the present they have collaborated on several articles and books on archaeology. In explaining my theoretical perspective, I mention their article on post-processualism on historical archaeology. 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As a result, the branch of underwaterRead MoreKathleen Kenyon Essay2741 Words   |  11 Pagesresearch paper submitted to professor franklin castello In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For BIBL – 471 Liberty University Online By Esther Lucas-Robinson october 10, 2010 Esther Lucas-Robinson BIBL – 471 – Biblical Archaeology ‘Kathleen Kenyon’ Introduction Some of the more remarkable archaeological discoveries in the 20th century were made by Dame Kathleen Kenyon. Kathleen Kenyon was born into the heart of the English scholarly community and with all the help thatRead MoreThe Archaeological Theory Of Practice1451 Words   |  6 Pagessite centered and were oriented toward physical material for creating chronology. This included excavations becoming artifact oriented with advances in seriation, stratigraphy, and recording spatial context of remains. This framework provided contributions in the way archology practices are done today by framing the basic anthropological patterns and chronologies and with anthropology practices, systematic cultures that were being destroyed. This framework did have drawbacks in the way that it reducedRead MoreYigael Yadins Archaeological Contributions2430 Words   |  10 PagesYigael Yadin’s Archaeological Contributions Introduction Biblical Archeology has helped in supporting the historicity of the Bible. Not that archaeology proves or disapproves the Bible – this it does not, it only supports the history of the Bible. One of the discoveries that support the biblical historicity is the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Dead Sea Scrolls came from eleven caves, mined over the course of seven years, over 15,000 documents supporting biblical historicity have been unearthedRead MoreThe Conflict Of Science And Belief Systems, Preferential Treatment1532 Words   |  7 Pagesthe academic community that they are â€Å"vitally interested in documenting, preserving, and interpreting Native American history as part of our concern for the overall history of North America,† a passion which is shared by seemingly all those in the field (Jemison). Though some American Indians feel they already know all there is to know of their past through the stories and customs passed down through several generations, it is not hard to imagine how this could paint an incomplete and unreliableRead MoreThe Exhibition : Sex And Symbolism : Hearts, Bodies, Minds1522 Words   |  7 PagesLondon (UCL). The students undertaking this project were split into different subgroups (see Appendix). I was a part of the Collections Management Team. The target audience for the exhibition included students (aged 18-30) from the Institute of Archaeology (IoA) at UCL, staff from the IoA at UCL, students and staff from other UCL departments, visitors from other academic institutions including school groups and prospective students, and adults including young professionals (UCL, 2017:4). The audience

Oedipus

Oedipus-Concepts of Sight Essay The concept of sight is one of the major motifs throughout Sophocles play Oedipus the King. The play revolves primarily around series of events caused by many peoples insight or lack there of. Oedipus does not see that he is caught up in a web of cruel destiny that he can not escape. The gods demonstrate foresight and insight into the play. In addition to this, Tiresias has physical blindness but also has prophetic insight. Finally, both Oedipus and Jocasta portray types of mental blindness and shortsightedness. These are all examples of different uses of sight in the play Oedipus the King. We will write a custom essay on Oedipus-Concepts of Sight specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Oedipus is a hero, but sometimes he can not see the reality of this. He goes into states where he lacks mental insight, making rash decisions without thinking about the future or consequences. One of his biggest downfalls because of this shortsightedness is that he does not realize that his destiny is solely in the hands of the gods. After Oedipus is told as a young boy about the prophecy of his life, he can not see how he is destined to marry his mother and kill his father. Furthermore, because of his lack of insight he truly believes that he can move without the Oracles prophecy following him. No matter what Oedipus does, he has no control over what the gods have predetermined. The gods also punish the people of Thebes with hard times since it is these people who brought Oedipus into the land as their king. The gods do this in order to make the people see through Oedipus extreme pride and quick temper. The gods apparently think that the only way to get them to see what Oedipus has done is by causing the city pain and suffering. The gods use their insight to affect Oedipus life, family and city. Although the gods do not initially favor Oedipus, his kingdom sees him as a noble ruler. Oedipus pride prevents him from seeing the truth and this leads to his great fall. His pride forces him to kill his father because he refuses to pay a toll and give up the right of way. Oedipus is so blinded by his pride that he can not accept the fact that he can not avoid his fate placed upon him by the gods. It is because he is not perfect and has these tragic flaws that in the end makes him a tragic hero. The greatest of his flaws happens to be his excessive pride and self-righteousness. Had Oedipus not listened to his pride, he could have avoided some of the humiliation and he would not have fallen from power in such a tragic manner. Another ironic concept of sight in the play is found through Tiresias, the blind prophet. This is an oxymoron in itself. Tiresias is a wise old man who exhibits supernatural powers to interpret the past and predict the future. The fact that Tiresias is blind ma kes his visionary powers appear even more mysterious. This leads Oedipus to doubt Tiresias ability to see the truth. Had Oedipus not had so much pride, he would have understood the truth of Tiresias. Tiresias uses puzzling predictions to make men ponder about themselves. He does this to Oedipus by asking him to consider himself the murderer of Laios. He describes the murderer of Laios as blind instead of seeing, beggar instead of rich, he will make his way to foreign soil, feeling his way with a stick (31). This is great foresight on behalf of Tiresias. All of these things will later come true when Oedipus falls from power and blinds himself. It is Tiresias who is the first person to tell Oedipus that he has killed his own father.He tells Oedipus You do not see the evil in which you live (25). It takes a blind prophet to see that it is Oedipus who has murdered Laius.Even so, Oedipus states You are blind, your ears and mind as well as eyes (25). Therefore, when Oedipus insults Tires ias and accuses him of being a false prophet, he is also attacking the gods. This shortsighted decision made by Oedipus can cause no good. If what Tiresias has said is true, then Oedipus is quickly sealing his own doom by insulting the gods furthermore. Tiresias has a very different type of sight than that of Oedipus. Tiresias can see the truth even while blinded, whereas Oedipus can physically see but he is blinded by his own shortsightedness. Jocasta shows mental blindness when she fails to realize that the prophecy has come true. Jocasta keeps ignoring the signs, ironically blinded by shortsightedness just as her son/husband Oedipus. At the same time, Oedipus is beginning to see how his shortsightedness has sealed his fate. He must face up to the fact that in a moment of anger, he threatened harsh punishment on whoever killed Laios. Once again, Oedipus has been blinded by his own quick temper and poor judgements as he now realizes that the punishment only applies to him. When Jo castas eyes are finally open to the truth, she returns to the house and shortly thereafter kills herself. She does this because she can not believe that she had been so blind as to think that the prophecy will not come true. She is fully aware that all of Oedipus troubles have been caused by the blind way she and Laius handled the Oracles prophecy. She does not want to have to live with the double fruit of her marriage, a husband by her husband and children by her child. .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 , .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .postImageUrl , .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 , .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965:hover , .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965:visited , .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965:active { border:0!important; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965:active , .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Yalta Conference Essay Ironically, at the beginning of the play Oedipus is lacking mental insight, but when he finally gains foresight into the situation, he blinds himself. He does this because he believes that he carries the entire fault of all the events that have happened. While he is totally innocent of everything but his predetermined destiny, he can not endure the sight of what he has inadvertently caused. You will not see, he said, The horrors I have suffered and done. Be dark forever now-eyes that saw those you should not have seen, and failed to recognize those you longed to see (93). He takes responsibility for blinding himself saying that he can not bear t o see the horror everywhere in his actions. Athenian law condemns parricide and incest, so Oedipus has broken the most sacred of their moral laws. While others would have been punished by death or exiled for their crimes, it is decided that Oedipus will only be exiled since he acted in innocence without knowledge of his actions. As a result of his actions, it is now apparent that Oedipus has lost everything of importance: his kingdom, his family, and his happiness. In the beginning of Oedipus the King, Oedipus is portrayed as an admired and respected ruler. By the end of the play, he has been stripped of his political power, has blinded himself, and has exited as a broken man. All these different uses of the concept of sight are found in Sophocles play Oedipus the King. Oedipus is noble in taking full responsibility for his troubled past, even though his troubles have been caused by Laius and Jocastas blind way of handling their problems.With a little help from the gods, who did not hold Oedipus in favor, his blind choices and quick temper lead to his great fall. Even though Oedipus is not physically blind like Tiresias, he is blind to the actuality of the actions of his life. Because of this, it is ironic that Oedipus is morally blind when physically he can see. When Oedipus finally sees the truth, he realizes he is morally blind and then physically blinds his eyes. He realizes that his destiny is in the hands of the gods, and there was nothing he could do to change that. These are all different concepts of sight that revolve around the story of Oedipus.

You are a Roman an Example of the Topic History Essays by

You are a Roman 68 days ago I said goodbye to my friends, my wife Laeticia Sidonia and Caius Brutus, my mentor. I remember him advising me regarding the perils of such a journey, but also repeating Veni Vidi Vici which means that a common Roman citizen can conquer the cultural treasures of the places he visits, with his eyes and spirit, as Julius Caesar did before in full glory with his army. Under Cesars protection, in year 128 AD, I started my journey to yet another corner of the Roman oyster, the legendary land of the Helens. I have been amazed to see that Greece is a melting pot of Barbars and noblemen, that the Latin spoken here can vary from the most pitiful Latina Vulgaris ever heard to the flawless type spoken by the eldest in our Senate. As the Roman elite, the Greek intellectuals are very cultured and rest dignified in any discussion; and they are updates with everything that is happening in the Roman Empire; In contrast to the Roman spirit of Law and realism, the Greeks tend to wander in mythologies and superstition quite a lot, and mixing affairs of state with omens from oracles is quite to their taste. I am beautifully amazed by the richness of their imagination and culture, though I prefer the pragmatism of my own roots. I came to understand why Greece is culturally, the root of the great Roman civilization. The spiritual and artistic life of the Helens is in big lines similar to ours, lacking of course the faultless glory of our Empire and the sharp spirit of affairs that led the Romans to be the conquerors of the world. But when I see the Greek Corinth ornaments, statues, their temples, the spotless beauty of the Pantheon and of the Acropolis, the godly and distant perfection of their arts and verses, I think Greece is our artistic sister and we should learn from its beauty, as we have been for many centuries. Need essay sample on "You are a Roman" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed I am now in Athens, visiting the exceptional educational cradle founded by two great forefathers of Roman philosophy: Aristotle's Lyceum and Plato's Academy. I have met many Roman disciples there, pursuing their courses in rhetoric, politics, logics and the great art of reaching the truth by debating. All of our politicians, senators and Law experts back in Rome use the Socrates lines of dialectics, to convey their message logically through an argument or exposition that systematically weighs contradictory facts or ideas with a view to the resolution of their real or apparent contradictions and thus to convince the audience of their point. I have seen the Colossus of Rhodes, the Ruins of Troy, the Oracle of Delphi and this made me think of the greatest Greek bard, Homer compared to our most cherished author, Virgil. Beautiful epic poems, Homers Iliad finds a grand counterpart in Virgils Aeneid. The heroes, lead by wit, humors and conflicting gods participate to the making and unmaking of great civilizations. They all affront armies, supernatural powers, and hostile destiny to achieve a honorary goal. There are similar values driving the heroes: Achilless code of honor and pride, or Aeneass oath to find the predestined home against all odds. However, Greek literature has a tendency for tragedy, while the Latin for the heroic and more human side of the conflicts. Both heroes have similar motivations for their adventures, i.e. the honor, the duty, the kingdom. But Homers fiction world is subject to the caprices of gods who kneel down the men, while Virgils scope is to reveal human force despite (super)natural traps. The balance is not righted during Achilles' existence, pessimistically symbolizing the heros existential defeat. In contrast, Aeneas symbolically shows the optimistic future of the Roman Empire, e.g. the legend of Romulus and Remus, Caesars victories. I find the mentalities of two peoples well encrypted in here and say Ave, Caesar, history reveals the truth. I found the same considerable symbols in Greek arts, when I saw that Roman arts have significantly derived from the Greek patterns. Undoubtedly the hallmark of beauty and harmony of details, Greek sculpture is a monument of purity, perfection and formality. I saw the very Canon of all arts, the statue in which Polyclitus the Greek computed all the perfection of the parts to achieve the flawlessness of the whole. When an expression reaches perfection, it becomes the effigy of any artist. I saw The Cannon cast in bronze, a spear bearer of perfect proportions, in contraposto, the body a bit twisted to show relief and dynamism. Roman artists have often copied the Greek works, have imported and bought them to adorn our temples and homes, have imitated them but we have also slowly moved towards something imperfect, but different, i.e. portraiture. Already knowledgeable of the principles of formal perfection (embodied by Polyclituss Cannon, in my view), the Roman artists have started working on individual expression. My reference is the statue of Augustus of Primaporta, which adopted the Greek canons of contraposto, the implicit movement of an anatomically perfect figure. But in contrast to the unearthly, ideal expression of The Canon, Augustus is given historical and individual depth, as well as the uniqueness of a great mans biography translated into his face lines, the strength of his look, the ample idological gesture, the unsaid orders radiating from his lips, the beauty of their personalized uniform. Essentially, as a scholar said, Greek sculpture emphasizes idealism and universality, while Roman visual art is more personalized: it emphasizes the particular rather than the universal. Breathtakingly, two civilizations so alike and yet so different. I have discovered so much about myself and my kind by seeing another culture, tightly carved into the glorious Roman one. However, now that I write about all these discoveries, I have to wonder what will they write in the future about. I wonder what will be said about the most victorious empire since the birth of Jupiter. References: Augustus of Prima Porta. (2007, September 26). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Homer (1999). The Illiad. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces: the Western Traditon-7th Edition. Ed. Mack Maynard. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. Oz ,Tracey (2006, November 28). Ancient Greece. Viewed October 10, 2007, from http://www.teacheroz.com/greeks.html. Perrottet, Tony (2002). Route 66 A.D.: On the Trail of Ancient Roman Tourists. New York : Random House. Polykleitos. (2007, September 26). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Virgil. (1999). The Aeneid. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces: the Western Traditon-7th Edition. Ed. Mack Maynard. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.

Suffering in Crime and Punishment Essays - English-language Films

Suffering in Crime and Punishment Essays - English-language Films Suffering in Crime and Punishment In the novel Crime and Punishment, by Fyodor Dostoevsky, suffering is an integral part of every characters role. However, the message that Dostoevsky wants to present with the main character, Raskolnikov, is not one of the Christian idea of salvation through suffering. Rather, it appears to me, as if the author never lets his main character suffer mentally throughout the novel, in relation to the crime, that is. His only pain seems to be physical sicknes. Raskolnikov commits a premeditated murder in a state of delirium. He ends up committing a second murder, which he never ever wanted to be responsible for. He kills Lizaveta, an exceedingly innocent person. But does the author ever remind us of the murder at any time in the novel again? Not in the physical sense of the crime itself. The reader doesnt hear about how heavily the murders are weighing on his heart, or how he is tormented by visions of the crime. He doesnt feel the least bit guilty about having committed the crime, only his prides hurt. He doesnt mention the idea of the pain that might arise from recurrent visions of the crime. Raskolnikov never again recalls the massive amounts of blood everywhere, the look on Lizavetas face when he brings down the axe on her head. These things clearly show that the crime isnt what might cause him suffering, or pain, it is something else. After Raskolnikov is sent off to Siberia, he doesnt feel remorseful. His feelings havent changed about his crime, he feels bad at not being able to living up to his own ideas of greatness. He grows depressed only when he learns of his mothers death. Raskolnikov still hasnt found any reason to feel remorse for his crimes. He takes Siberia as his punishment, because of how annoying it is to go through all these formalities, and ridicularities that it entails. Yet, he actually feels more comfortable in Siberia than in his home in St. Petersburg. Its more comfortable, and has better living conditions than his own home. But he isnt free to do whatever he likes. But this does not contradict what Ive said before. He doesnt view Siberia as suffering, but he does view it as punishment, because he would rather not have to go through seven years in his prison cell. His theory of the extraordinary, and the ordinary is something he has to follow and adhere to . His necessity to suffer is a part of his necessity to fulfill his unknown criteria to be extraordinary. His suffering, if any, is purely superficial. The idea of suffering has to be heartfelt and well-specified. Raskolnikovs suffering is never spoken about, mainly because there is none. Even Raskolnikov views his turning himself in as a blunder, because he couldnt take the heat. It is obvious that Raskolnikov never seems to be in a pit of despair from all the suffering he has to face from the effect of the murder. One might argue that Raskolnikovs illnesses arise from his guilt and remorse for the crimes, but that doesnt appear possible. Since the character never cites the murder for his sickness. In fact, Raskolnikov fell immediately sick after committing the murder. How could he struck by guilt five seconds after committing the murder when he hasnt even had a chance to see what events have just occurred? There is not a single instance when Raskolnikov, or the author for that matter, ever cite the dramatic effect of the murders on Raskolnikovs conscience for his terrible illness. NOTHING in the novel would even imply that he feels remorse about committing the murders, it is just a silly idea that has been implanted in peoples minds and the seed has spread too rapidly, without analization.It is incredibly obvious that all the so-called pain and suffering that Raskolnikov feels is untrue, silly, and backed by no support. It would be incredulously moronic to attempt to view it from another point of understanding. People are entitled to their own opinions but the beliefs of the at error majority should not overbear the beliefs of the correct minority. Acceptance of a theory without analysis of it

Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essays

Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essays Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essay Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essay Companies must condone employees’ healthy lifestyles, in order to increase productivity within the workplace, which will potentially lead to higher profits. By encouraging their employees to lead healthy lifestyles, and partake in regular physical activity, companies will be projecting a positive image to society, improving the lives or their workers, whilst simultaneously reaping the financial benefits. As well as producing financial benefits, a healthy lifestyle can bring physiological and social benefits to companies and their employees. Physical activity has been proven to increase productivity in the workplace. In a recent study of worker performance, Pronk stated that â€Å"higher levels of physical activity related to reduced decrements in quality of work performance and overall job performance. † (2004, p. 19) This increase in productivity and efficiency created by healthier employees will eventually lead to higher profits for companies. A healthier employee will lead to a healthier bottom line, however this is not the only benefit that companies will receive as a result of encouraging regular exercise. As well as being more energetic and productive, a healthier employee is generally happier. A workplace comprised of happy employees will lead to higher worker morale, and will create a more positive, friendlier workplace in general. Although the consequential increase in productivity will lead to higher profits, companies will financially benefit from condoning regular physical activities in more ways than one. U. S. postal company UPS experienced the following benefits after they implemented their †Comprehensive Safety and Health Process† in 1995. On the whole, UPS has seen a decrease in absenteeism, an increase in productivity and morale, and a 60% reduction in on the job injuries since the program was first implemented. † (Bloom, 2008, p. 41) By being more proactive in condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles, companies will potentially save funds spent on sick leave and workers’ compensation payouts, as healthy, fit employees are less likely to fall sick or be injured. Should they sustain injuries within the workplace, it is more likely that their injuries will be less serious than those sustained by an unfit or overweight employee. The financial benefits of condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles were further outlined in a study that observed the outcomes of a health and productivity program implemented within the workplace. â€Å"Financially speaking, an effective, comprehensive, properly executed Hamp;P (health and productivity) program can drive significant business results†¦. employers have implemented successful Hamp;P programs leading to improved health, increased productivity and lower benefits costs – and, in turn, higher levels of performance, returns to shareholders and market premiums. (Wolf, 2008, p. 7) This study successfully reinforced each aspect of the financial benefit for companies of condoning regular physical activities and healthy lifestyles. Although the financial benefits for companies are extensive, the positive influence of employees’ healthy lifestyles extends much further into society. When encouraged by their employers to exercise regularly and lead healthy lifestyles, employees will more than likely continue to live healthily at home. Health is after all, a lifestyle, and it will extend and apply to all aspects of employees’ lives. Given the current rising obesity epidemic, this positive influence will have a considerable impact on society, and eventually encourage other members of the community to adopt healthy lifestyles. An aspect of this issue that may be argued is that of its influence on childhood obesity. Whilst adult obesity is on the rise, childhood obesity is also rapidly increasing. Some members of society may criticise that whilst employers condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles could decrease the prevalence of adult obesity, it will have no effect on the lifestyles of children in the community. Whilst it is true that it will take much more than the encouragement of employers to address the issue of obesity, it is a step in the right direction for all members of society. Although employers may only be encouraging their workers to exercise and lead healthy lifestyles, they are, at the same time, encouraging their employees’ families to do the same. Should an employee decide to adopt a healthy lifestyle, and take advantage of the incentives offered to them by their employers, it is likely that this will have such a positive effect on their lives that they will then happily condone similar lifestyle changes to other members of their family, including their children. This encouragement may include preparing healthier meals at home, limiting intake of unhealthy convenience foods, and making exercise a regular, family activity. By being more proactive in condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles, and promoting regular exercise, employers will not only be improving their profits, and increasing the health of their employees, they will also have a positive influence on the lifestyles of their workers families, and project a positive image to the community. However small their impact may be, it will help society work toward eliminating obesity, decreasing the occurrence of lifestyle related illnesses such as adult-onset (Type 2) diabetes, and creating a healthier community in general. In order to enable their employees to lead healthy lifestyles and exercise regularly, employers must offer a means, and incentive to their workers, to encourage them to adopt this lifestyle change. This could be done in a number of ways, including offering employees a discount on gymnasium memberships, subsidising or even reimbursing the cost. Companies could also invest in the installation of fitness facilities within the workplace, making exercise and fitness even more accessible to their employees. By offering this benefit to all workers, companies are also increasing the ways in which they can attract new employees. This may be the incentive needed to encourage highly employable workers to apply for positions within their company, as they are offering additional benefits, and creating a more appealing workplace in general. It may be argued that the cost of installing fitness facilities, or subsidising gym memberships would be a waste of company funding. However, this can potentially be viewed as an asset for companies. Companies invest in their employees each day, by paying them wages, benefits and superannuation. However, in order to gain the maximum return on their investment, companies must make sure that their employees are working efficiently and productively, and generating high revenues. The best way of doing this is by ensuring that their employees are physically fit and healthy, making them more productive, and an asset to the company, instead of a potential liability. Therefore, it can be concluded that condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles and encouraging regular exercise is a credible way of increasing worker productivity and efficiency, which will ultimately lead to higher revenue for companies. Whilst companies may incur initial costs when implementing health and productivity programs, they will potentially be saving company funds spent on sick leave payments and workers compensation payouts, which can often be very expensive. In addition to increased profits, companies will be projecting a positive image to the community, and influencing other members of society to adopt healthier lifestyles and helping to cease the rise in obesity. Bibliography Bloom, S. 2008). Employee Wellness Program: How UPS Improved Productivity amp; Reduced Injuries. Professional Safety, p. 41 Pronk, N. P. , et al. (2004). The Association Between Work Performance and Physical Activity, Cardiovascular Fitness and Obesity. Journal of Occupational amp; Environmental Medicine, 46, p. 19-25 Wolf, S. (2008). A Truly Healthy Bottom Line – Improving Financial Results Through Effective Health and Productivity Programs. Benefits Quarterly, 24, p. 7

The Influence of Marginalist Revolution in the Economy History Essay

The Influence of Marginalist Revolution in the Economy History - Essay Example (p. 14) As it was mentioned by one of the trendsetters of the movement, William Stanley Jevons: "The theory in question has in fact been independently discovered three or four times over and must be true" (cited in Hutchison, 1978). Let's name one more reason which would be grounded on the practical basis as developing of the viewing of the phenomenon of marginalist revolution provides us with an abundant source of theoretical assumptions which may be of great help while inciting up-to-date serves which are considered obscured or slighted by modern theory (Mirowski, 1988, p. 19). Moreover any uncertainty or confusion over the origins and results of marginalist revolution would give rise possible grave misunderstandings in its description and overviewing. Therefore, to try to explain the origin of the marginal utility revolution in the 1870's is doomed to failure: it was not a marginal utility revolution; it was not an abrupt change, but only a gradual transformation in which the old ideas were never definitively rejected; and it did not happen in the 1870s (Blaug, 1978, p. 322). Some authors challenge that there was any consolidated and deliberate movement. "In its stead, it portrays a haphazard and fragmented agglomeration of economic theorists, whose only common denominators were the twin notions of diminishing marginal utility and utility-determined prices"(Bowley 1973, p. 44). Moreover Bowley stated that none of the notions was especially new in the 1870s, we and may conclude that there was no interruption in the economic concepts of that time and the economic theory has realized one uninterrupted discipline from those time until nowadays (Bowley 1973, p. 49). Thus with the aim of proper investigation of the topic let's determine key fundamentals of marginalism. Briefly speaking it is the theory that determined economic value as a derivation from marginal utility and marginal cost which are considered to be basic marginal concepts. Through the prism of marginalism the most essential thing for the process of decision-making is "the marginal or last unit of consumption or production" (Hutchison, 1978, p. 91). For instance, one car is very helpful for everyday life. An additional car might become helpful if the first one is being repaired or for spares, but it is not as helpful as the first one. The third car has less utility than the previous two cars. Taking into consideration the price of cars, we may claim that many people are not inclined to own three cars as the benefit they are going to receive on the third automobile would be unlikely to go beyond the price (Verdon, 1996, p. 201). William Stanley Jevons from England, Carl Menger from Austria and Leon Walras from Switzerland singly formed the idea of marginal utility nearly in 1870. While discussing who of those three experts had taken the leading place in formulating the theory, Jevons' counterpart found a work of Prussian economist H. H. Gossen (Howey, 1960, p. 7). Gossen was considered as the initial author, and his work was restated using less mathematical methods in order to make it more comprehensible to the public. His relations between value in exchange and marginal utility

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Summary - Essay Example Gruwell soon finds out that the students she was stranded with were far different from her expectations. Her class is categorized into four groups – whites, Latinos, Cambodians and blacks. She resorts to unconventional teaching approaches despite the disagreement with her departmental head Margaret Campbell (enacted by Imelda Stauton) and her colleagues. In the course of her determination and campaign she ends up working more in the school and spending less time with her husband which later becomes a source of constant complain from his side, finally leading to their separation. She pulls up money from other part time jobs to buy books for them instead of abiding by the conventions. She begins her campaign by teaching lessons from the Holocaust, which even involves a trip to the Museum of Tolerance. The idea was to generate feelings of harmony irrespective of races. She arranges meetings with the survivors of the Holocaust and reads through The Diary of Anne Frank. Later she i nvites to the class the lady named Miep Gies (enacted by Pat Carroll) who once gave shelter to Anne Frank. Meanwhile parallel to these lessons the boyfriend of a Cambodian student names Sindy gets killed accidentally by Eva’s boyfriend. ... This brings about the climax of the movie (after the first 90 minutes run) where Eva takes a decision, which would bring a twist to the lives of her family and friends. Eva therefore considers saying the truth and gives the right testimony to the rage of several onlookers. The members of her gang initially decide to kill her but owing tot heir respect for their father they back off. A racial discrimination was broken as Eva takes back her decision of defending the criminal boyfriend form her race and instead does what she feels is morally right. This is an evidence of the transformation, which Gruwell was able to embed amongst his students. During her classes Erin always encourages the young students to make entries in their notebooks on a regular basis. The best part of the lessons delivered by Gruwell includes her asking the students to write their notes taken down in their diaries in the form of a book. She alter combines all these documents into a single book known as The Freedom Writers Diary. Later she was asked to stop teaching her students but Gruwell goes on to assure the superintendent of her ways of teaching. Certain distractions like Gruwell’s pearl necklace initially cause interest but later the film takes us to more sublime themes. The movie succeeds in delivering the note of hope along with emotional and intellectual fulfillment. It also exploits the potential of the young performers adequately, especially that of Hernandez. The movie also manages to retain the touch of originality by quoting verses from students’ diaries in order to give rise to the complementary themes or stories. The movie in general has a lot to offer to the audience who look out for something to identify themselves with rather than complete fiction.

Accessorize with a Meaning Essay Example for Free

Accessorize with a Meaning Essay It takes up about two inches on my thick, and short middle finger. It is relatively small, yet has been proven to have great importance and meaning. This dented, imperfect circle fits loosely, and comfortably which allows for the constant usage and handling. It has a unique, and undefined shape that compliments the small circles within the accessory. There is a band of a perfect line of small circles that runs infinite in the exact middle of the accessory. The thirteen small circles sit in the small seats of metal all in unison and order. Sharp, pointed tips that look like the top of a vintage castle, pull the pendants on the outsides of the line, up and back down. If you cut the jewel in half, the sides are symmetrical with equal amount of points and dots. A tight grasp of the pointed edges are painful from the sharp and definite tips. Running your fingers over the piece, feels of rough sand paper rubbing on a wall. It shines bright and sparkly, which catches the attention from many eyes’ including my very own. However, on the inside, the real, steel metal has grown rugged, and dirty from over use, and age. It’s smooth outer covering has worn off, and the whole inside has thinned. It leaves a mark, and patch of dry skin where it lays on my finger every day and night. It smells of the sandwich I had today for lunch, since it is always there when my fingers are supporting my food. Also, smells of the decaying metal after it has been washed under the soapy, warm water. It’s small size and lightweight does not determine it’s meaning to me. In fact, despite the petite appearance it has a large, underlying sentimental theme to my life. I have never owned such a delicate, and special piece in my long 16 years of living. According to my mother, this was due to lack of responsibility and maturity. She could never trust me to guard such a remarkable diamond and actually understand the significance until the night that marked my transformation from a young girl, to a mature woman. This night, my sweet sixteen is with out a doubt was one of the best experiences of my life. This ring, purchased by my mother and grandmother from a small, expensive boutique was to not only be cherished because of it’s beauty, but also as a memory of this night which marked my new found maturity. Without this ring, I think it would change my outlook of a sweet sixteen completely. To most, a sweet sixteen is just a extravagant birthday party with an abundance of family, and friends that give larger gifts. Although, it symbolizes something much greater for a girl, it marks a necessary change in one’s life. My sweet sixteen is a night I want to smell, hear, touch, taste, and feel forever. The ring helps me hold on tight to this special time in my life. The ring’s unique shape also has a symbolical meaning. The line in the middle represents the stability and exactness in my life. Unfortunately, like everyone else, my life consists of many ups and downs. This ring has inflicted an important realization about my life. When I look down at my finger, I look back at the happiness, and joyous memories in my life especially my sixteenth birthday. This reminds me to preserve the happiness within my life, like my family and friends in order to fight off the barriers holding me back from success. I acquire laughter, and smiles through one glimpse of my ring. This is important to hold onto because a life is not worth living without the safety of warm smiles, and special memories. Hardships have become especially evident within my teenage years, so the ring has grown more and more important. I have endured many family and friend issues that inflict drama and undesirable emotions. The ring brings me back to a night filled with strictly fun and togetherness. People question, â€Å"how can a small piece of jewelery hold so much meaning? † Everyone must seek something for comfort and assurance for their own mental health and happiness. For me the ring provides me with the idea of my new found maturity, and happy memory where my family and friends were all able to come together, and share a memorable moment with me. Time has proven to cause separation and change amongst people, with this beautiful ring I will be able to forever remember loved ones and how grateful I am to have shared my sweet sixteen with them.

Zora Neale Hurston Essay -- Zora Neale Hurston

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the history of our great nation, we have been blessed with many great writers those black and white. Some of these writers have left profoundly inspirational impressions on our lives, touching us in a way that will never be forgotten. During the â€Å" â€Å"Roaring 20’s,† many new aspects of life were introduced to American society, forever changing our lives. Along with the â€Å"Roaring 20’s,† came the Harlem Renaissance, a cultural movement during which black art, literature, and music received much deserved credit. It originated in New York City's Harlem district and was also called the Black Renaissance, or New Negro Movement. It was quite common in African-American society for people to exchange tales and folklores that stemmed as far back as their ancestor’s days in Africa. One of the most accomplished writers of this time was a beautiful, young and extremely intelligent woman. This young woman took this comm on practice and used them in her novels and tales. It was this simple yet intriguing idea for writing stories that helped launch Zora into the forefront of the Harlem Renaissance. Regardless, of her trying and discouraging lifestyle as a child, Zora chose to press onward and upward throughout her life. Zora had more than her fair share of hardships from her early childhood up until her last days on this earth. Though tough times were all too frequent, Zora continuously worked tirelessly towards her destiny. In her lifetime she was acknowledged as a leading force for the Harlem Renaissance, forever revolutionizing America’s views of African-American’s as well as the great intelligence and creative capability of women. Through her short stories, poems, and novels Zora was able to reach many people nation wide and therefore further express her views and beliefs to those black and white.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On January 7, 1891 in Notasulga, Alabama Lucy Ann Potts Hurston gave birth to the sixth of her eight children. This child was given the name Zora or â€Å"light of dawn,† little did her parents know, she would certainly live up to her meaningful name. Lucy Ann Potts Hurston was an elementary school teacher until she later married John Hurston, a mulatto pastor of Zion Hope Baptist Church and the Macedonia Baptist church, farmer, carpenter and later Mayor of Eatonville of 1897 serving three terms. When she was th... ... using blacks as a means of buying votes. In 1954 she criticized the desegregation ruling in Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Ks. In this article she stated that she believed that black children and white children should not attend the same schools.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Zora went on writing many publications that separated her from blacks; she was marked as a traitor. For this reason she spent her last days alone and in poverty working as a domestic until falling ill and dying of a stroke in 1960. However controversial, Zora will be remembered for her great contributions to the Harlem Renaissance and fine literary works. She has been a very influential and a true inspirational figure to many writers of today. One that comes to mind is a local playwright by the name of Mari Evans, who recently did a rendition of Hurston’s novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, titled â€Å"Eyes† Zora had a different outlook on life than most African Americans of her time but has remained the cornerstone of the Harlem Renaissance making black culture known and felt by all. That is why Zora will remain an outstanding and successful pillar in the literary world for many years to come.

How have human activities shaped the landscape between Prawle Point and Start Bay?

On day two, we analysed the human home settlements found in the villages of Hallsands, Beesands and Torcross. The whole aim of doing this was to find how these man made homes and settlements have affected the land at each village, and how other human activities have affected these settlements vulnerability to coastal damage, as how the natural coastline has developed due to this. We also looked at how these settlements have used man made sea defences t help protect them from coastal attacks. Route Firstly, here is the route we took along the coast from Start point (red) to Torcross (green), passing both Beesands and Hallsands along the way. Hallsands – Description When we visited Hallsands we noticed that it was had very small population, with little human settlements which were all near each other. Hallsands also had many narrow rough roads throughout the village and was ear the shore. Hallsands – History Between the years 1894-1903 the shingle beach close to Hallsands was lowered by 1.4m, due to the continuous taking of the shingle to build the dockyards at Plymouth. This made the village of Hallsands extremely vulnerable and open to floods from the waves of the sea. In 1917 a storm with 10m waves destroyed the now unprotected village of Hallsands which was no longer protected by the defensive beach it once had. Hallsands – Present Sea defences Since the destructive storm of 1917 Hallsands has created new man made sea defences to ensure is constantly protected from future storms. You can see present day evidence of this when visiting Hallsands as it now has rip-rap, groups of large rocks stacked together, which break up strong waves and the energy they contain whilst they travel, reducing the impact when they hit these rocks. Beesands – Description Compared with Hallsands, the village of Beesands had more human settlements dispersed throughout its land, with large areas of space between them, although thy were all generously within the same perimeter. Like Hallsands however, Beesands also had various narrow roads and is located near the shore. Beesands – History The village of Beesands is continuously vulnerable to flooding due to its beach having a lack of shingle moving northwards along the coastline, by long shore drift. There is no new source of shingle as its origins are 40km out in Start Bay. Beesands – Present Sea defences In the village of Beesands rip-rap was put down to help defend against the sea waves, but was quickly eroded and in 1992 a sea wall was built, along with gabions, which still stands today. The sea wall works by pushing the wave back on itself therefore breaking the impact of the wave and the energy it carries, Gabions work similar to rip rap meaning the also break up the energy of the wave and reduce its impact in the collision. Tocross – Description Tocross, like Beesands also had a larger amount of human settlements which were found generally close to each other. However, tit was easily noticeable that the houses were pointing at different angels and varied in different shapes ad seizes. Also, compared to both Beesands and Hallsands Torcross was further away from the shore, although still near. Torcross – History In 2001, a destructive storm occurred near the village of Torcross and the continuous collision of waves, due to its vulnerability damaged the road along Slapton sands. Torcross – Present Sea defences Like Beesands, the village of Torcross choose to build a sea wall after the destructive storm to help protect against sea waves in the future. This still stands today and can be seen when visiting the village. Sea Defences – Disadvantages Although these man made sea defences provide secure safety for many years to these human settlements within the villages, they come with a disadvantage of being incredibly expensive, which can therefore weaken the overall economy of the village itself. You can see the scale of how expensive these defences are when calculating the cost of the rip-rap and sea wall found at Beesands. Below is the calculation of the cost of these sea defences: Rip-rap Rip-rap = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3,000 per metre Length of Rip-rap = 254metres Cost of Rip-rap in Beesands – à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3,000 x 254 = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½762000 Seawall Seawall = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3500 per metre Length of Seawall = 254metres Cost of Seawall in Beesands – à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3,500 x 254 = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½889000 Gabions Gabions = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100 per metre Length of Gabions = 254metres Cost of Gabions in Beesands – à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100 x 254 = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½254000 Value of property Now we know the full cost of the sea defences found in Beesands we need to find whether these sea defences are actually worth the money provided they protect these homes. To find this we need to calculate the cost of all the properties found in Beesands and compare it the cost of the sea defences'. Below is the calculation for the value of these properties found in Beesands: Residential Properties Residential properties = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½150,000 per floor 25 houses (2 floors each) Cost of residential properties – à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½150,000 x 50 = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½750,000 Commercial Properties Commercial properties = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½170,000 per floor 4 businesses (3x2floors, 1x1floor) Cost of commercial properties = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½170,000 x 7 = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1190000 Overall cost of sea defences = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1905000 V Overall cost of properties = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1940000 As you can see the cost of the sea defences in Beesands appears to be worth the safety of the properties which are there, although there is only a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½35,000 difference in the values of the sea defences compared to the value of the properties. This means that although the sea defences aren't costing more then the settlements which are there, the overall economies of Beesands would be affected by the costs of it. The Future Although for now Beesands, Hallsands and Torcross are generally protected from minor occurring storms, the face major dilemmas on what they will need to do to help protect them in the future. This will be determined by two major factors. Ageing Population The first is the increasingly ageing population dispersed throughout Britain. In the years to come more and more people will be retiring and face the possibility of moving nearer to the coast. If this were to happen then the village will need to consider whether they will gain enough money to support the village with more sea defences. Global Warming The second major factor is global warming. With the frequency of occurring storms continuously increasing will the village be able to protect itself from the increasing occurring storms in the future. Possibilities There are two major possibilities that these three villages could consider to do. The first is to simply stop spending money on sea defences and allow nature to take its course, possibly resulting in many storms and therefore floods to the village. The second is to continue spending money on further sea defences although they cant be sure how successful they will be and for how long. My Conclusion I personally think that the villages should invest in further sea defences even though they will cost the economy of the villages dearly. This is because if they chose not to invest in the defences and admit defeat then these villages will eventually be completely destroyed and lost forever; therefore these sea defences are vital in securing the long term protection of these settlements. I also think that even though sea defences seem extremely expensive and someone people may think they are not worth it, if there are no sea defence mechanisms at all to protect these settlements then there will be no hope at all for these settlements to survive from whatever they are exposed to in the future.

Oil Purification

Oil used in cooking foods is commonly derived from vegetables. Cooking oil is commonly used for frying and oil used for frying is usually thrown away. The recycling of cooking oil also provides a form of revenue for restaurants, which are sometimes compensated by cooking oil recyclers for their used deep fryer oil. Cooking oil recycling also results in less used oil being disposed of in drains, which can clog sewage lines due to the build-up of fats. The Procedure This procedure for filtering and reusing cooking oil requires the oil to be heated, so avoid using anything made of plastic throughout the procedure.Another important precaution to observe is to make sure none of the things used during the procedure are moist or wet. To begin with, strain the cooking oil once using a strainer to catch and remove any coarse food particles. Heat the oil to a temperature of about 170 -200 degrees Fahrenheit, and put in the ginger slices. Turn off the heat after about two or three minutes, and let the ginger slices remain in the cooking oil while the oil cools naturally. Ginger will absorb most of the odor and taste of the foods that were cooked in the oil.When the cooking oil has cooled down to about 120 degrees Fahrenheit, which will be approximately 10-15 minutes afterPurified Cooking Oil for Reuse turning off the heat, it’s time to filter the oil. To make the filter, line the conical strainer with the paper towel, making sure that there is no place from where the oil can leak out without passing through the towel. Next, line it with the cheese cloth in the same fashion. Place the filter on some container that is big enough to hold the amount of oil being filtered, and pour in the heated oil into the filter.Since the filter we’ve made is really fine, it may take up to 15 minutes for one liter of oil to pass through it. When the filtered oil reaches room temperature, you can transfer it to the storage jars. Close the lids tightly and store them in the refr igerator. This procedure for filtering and purifying cooking oil for reuse is fairly simple. And making it a habit to reuse cooking oil can be your small step towards greener living. This procedure can be repeated three to four times before you finally need to discard the fryer oil, which means a little effort can save you some goodly amount of money too.

Power Play Nintendo

Power Play Nintendo Introduction Power play is the intense painstaking activities undertaken in order to realize specific laid down objectives. Atari and Nintendo were among the major companies that ventured in home video game system business. Previously, Atari was a major power to reckon with in the industry but was later toppled by Nintendo. This paper is generally about Nintendo’s power play in the video game industry.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Power Play: Nintendo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nintendo’s product enhancement Nintendo’s power play of displacing Atari, an earlier entrant in the industry, was by various tactics. The first tactic included by Nintendo in the earlier stages was to advance its product by extracting the performance from the 8-bit processor into an enhanced powerful home machine with superior graphics and fast action. Secondly, Nintendo’s policy of incorporating security c hip among other microchips in the console made sure that only their approved cartridges played on their system. Why? According to my personal view, it was a measure to ensure their cartridges were selling, since Nintendo was also in cartridge manufacturing business. In addition, insulating its dedicated RD team from sales team, guaranteed better chances of getting truly fresh game concepts in line with Nintendo’s third President, Hiroshi Yamauchi. The team emerged with several successful hit games such as Donkey Kong, Famicom and Game Boy among others. Pricing and Subcontracting Part of Yamauchi’s vision was to introduce new and cheaper video games in the market than the competitors. Nintendo games become cheap than those of its competitors due to several factors. Nintendo subcontracted manufacturing of its cartridges, chipsets and later on games. This gave the company room to concentrate more on crucial matters such as marketing. Cartridges and chips were obtained at a rock bottom prices and were later retailed to Nintendo game producers at very profitable margins. These measures by Nintendo were essential in displacing Atari and ensuring impeccable sales and revenue. Atari’s troubles On the other hand, Atari was facing it own problems, which included rampant counterfeiting of its products, poor sales and production of low quality software which subsequently lead to lack of hardware coordination.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was reflected when Atari came out with Super, a second-generation video game that failed to run cartridges for the VCS. Atari suffered two more blows, one was defection of its engineers who run away to open their own firm and the other was loss of money because of an overbuilt inventory. Rationale behind licensing terms Nintendo’s main underlying principle behind its licensing terms fo r game developers and its strategy towards retailers was to fight, if not to exterminate competition. It engaged in unfair restraint codes and used its market power to prevent potential competitors from challenging its market dominance in system, chip and cartridge manufacturing. For instance, production of consoles with security codes that could only play on Nintendo’s system was one such unfair restraint code application. Another biased practise was restriction on the number of game titles. The company restricted each developer to five titles in one year. Other competing manufactures withdrew from development after Nintendomania took grip of the market. Nintendo intervened in the retailing price of its products and in some instances like in the U.S., the company stocked stores for free thus effectively cutting competition. This amounted to monopoly as alleged by Namco head, Masaya Nakamura as he responded to the new contract requirements. Conclusion Nintendo was becoming vu lnerable to several factor, one being lack of concentration due to over expanding of its market. The emerging legal issues were another risk that Nintendo faced. Many potential competitors sought legal action against Nintendo, due to indulgence in unfair business activities and allegations by subcontractors concerning power abuse. Nintendo at some point bullied retailers that it would to do away with them if they sold competitors products.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Power Play: Nintendo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Pokemon and Beyond essays

Pokemon and Beyond essays Imagine for a moment a little boy lifting his sleepy little head off his Pokemon pillowcase, climbing reluctantly out from underneath his warm Pokemon blanket, exchanging from his Pokemon pajamas into his favorite Pokemon T-shirt, drinking his morning juice from his beloved Pokemon cup. All the while, he is making his way into the family den to watch his favorite cartoon, Pokemon. A typical day begins like this for children in households all over the country. Evidence of the Pokemon phenomenon is everywhere: on television, in movie theaters, at fast-food restaurants and in products of every conceivable type. There are Pokemon videos, toys, books, software, videogames, trading cards, school supplies, clothing and toiletries. The Pokemon brand is a five billion dollar industry worldwide. The prosperity of Pokemon has attracted negative attention from parents, educators and childhood experts. Labeling a product either good or bad on the basis of profit is wrong. The worth of a toy should be determined by the educational value for a child rather than monetary profits. The only downside to Pokemons success is its success. The Pokemon rage has spread like wildfire through schools and communities by word of mouth the old fashioned way. Although scarce, advertisements for Pokemon appeal to the need for affiliation, the need to achieve and the need to dominate. The whole Pokemon fantasy is cognitively engaging for the targeted audie nce of children from six to fourteen years old. Parents should be quick to see the positive benefits of Pokemon for their children by looking beyond the promotional craze. While Pokemon mania is seizing the attention of kids across the nation, kids culture has been doing this for a long time. There have always been kiddy crazes. For example, in the 50s the hit television show Davy Crockett set off a coonskin cap craze. During the 60s, children ev...

Public Healthcare Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Public Healthcare Campaign - Essay Example The need to terminate obesity within the American society is the justification for the Task Force on Childhood Obesity that was createdby President Barack Obama. The task force is aimed at reducing the rate of childhood obesity to 5%. The state of Virginia has demonstrated active initiatives for the prevention of obesity through health promotions rather than short time fixes that may fail over time (Mehta & Chang, 2011). Among the activities of the task force is to promote healthy eating among young people and counseling them. The overweight and obesity rates tripled between 1990 and 2004 with more than 30% of adolescents in the state fated for obesity (Thompson, 2010). This is the major motivation for the need of the state to improve the health of children and adolescents. Nonetheless, the initiatives for the prevention of obesity would be predictably expensive. This part of the paper gives a critical analysis and discussion of the target population of the obesity prevention initiat ive, response, leadership roles, economic factors, and the role of social marketing in ensuring that the initiative is successful in meeting its objectives and goals. At the national level, the Let’s Move Campaign against obesity targets parents, children, mayors, governors, educators, food manufacturers, and school nutritional leaders. These groups make up the population that the national campaign of childhood obesity targets. Nonetheless, the target population is likely to differ within the state of Virginia as compared to the national population that the campaign targets (Mehta & Chang, 2011). The definition of the role of each of the groups who play a role in the prevention of obesity varies from state to state and nationally. The role by the target population varies in definition because of the differences in the levels of obesity between various states (Ambinder, 2010). The main goal of the Let’s Move campaign is to end childhood obesity, whichis describedas a na tional epidemic. However, the initiatives implementedin each of the states would vary, depending on the seriousness of the problem, its prevalence, and mortality rates. Additionally, the initiatives that each state uses to combat obesity depend on the level of the problem within the state and the views of the leaders of that state. Even though there are many interpretations within each state, most have moved from short term approaches of solving the problem of obesity to long- term programs to end obesity. The objective of the Let’s Move Campaign could be defined differently within the state of Virginia. This is because the state has unique bills introduced by the House and Senate that define the approaches used to prevent the incidence of obesity among young people. Additionally, the Let’s Move campaign would be aided by the various school and community programs, which are designedto solve the problem of obesity (Estabrooks, Fisher & Hayman, 2008). The approaches of t hese programs would be different even if they are drivena common goal. It is in this regard that it would be said that the role of the various stakeholders in childhood obesity prevention would be defined differently between the national level and within the state of Virginia. Furthermore, the food manufacturers within the state

SAMSUNG GROUP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SAMSUNG GROUP - Essay Example Samsung’s most notable venture in the Market industry is the mobile phone production. The company has increased the demand of mobile phones in the market by introducing new brands. In consequence, this has increased the revenue of the company and ranked it among the leading mobile phone companies in the world. Corporate Communication Samsung has improved the communication industry in the world, mainly because of the numerous mobile phones that the company has invented. In 1961, Samsung entered the electronic market as a producer of household electronics. After the death of the founder, Lee Byung Chull, Samsung was divided into different groups. This was part of brand extension to increase the company’s revenue (CBJ, 2013, p. 1). Since the formation of Samsung Group, communication across the world has significantly improved because of the innovations. Improved mobile phones from Samsung Group have eased communication methods. The introduction of smartphones has given use rs an opportunity to use mobile phones for other functions. Samsung Group is one of the leading mobile phone companies that introduced internet surfing through mobile phones. The strategic expansion yielded the Samsung Group, which primarily deals with the communication industry. Since the formation of Samsung Group, the company has launched several mobile phones. Some of the mobile phones launched into the market by the company possess new technologies that enable easier communication (CBJ, 2013, p. 1). ... Branding Samsung’s central philosophy in the commerce market entirely depends on the marketing brand. The color blue is the company’s recognized official color. This is to differentiate the company’s products from other companies to avoid confusion. The company has intensified its branding on mobile phones and semiconductors because of their worth (MBJ, 2013, p. 1). Mobile phones and semiconductors are Samsung’s central source of income. Since its formation in 1938, the company has not changed its official color of blue. This has helped in promoting the original appeal of the company. Branding has helped the company market its products through its original color of blue. Consumers have embraced the company’s official color, which cost the company billions of dollars in rebranding. Consumers have easily identified the company’s products in the stores because of the originality. This approach has prevented the company from potential financial l osses. Samsung’s brand originality has increased the company’s sales all over the world. The company has branded all its products with its name for easy identification. The name "Samsung" has a meaning that the founder, Lee Byung Chull found comprehensive enough to adopt (MBJ, 2013, p. 1). According to the Korean language, the name stands for "three stars.† The number "three" stands for "big, numerous and powerful", the "stars" symbolize eternity. Media Landscape Samsung has managed to change the media landscape through the production of new technological devices. The computer-programming laboratory in Warsaw, Poland has enabled the media to change their coverage to digital media (CBJ, 2013, p. 1). The laboratory has enabled Samsung to produce televisions and

Business Models On theWeb Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Models On theWeb - Article Example It shows how YouTube makes its website more attractive to the owners of the content displayed on the web site. You Tube works in conjunction with Google to develop a win-win situation for the two companies. At the same time, YouTube also works with other web sites such as Vevo. As a result, it has been able to improve its balance sheet by monetizing the viewership of its video content. YouTube works very well as an advertisement site for movie marketers. This article therefore fits into the topic of online business models because it explains one of the basic models described in the article for web based business. In the paper, various articles that are related to the article on business models on the web will be analyzed in detail. The article discuses the IT based organization in the new economy. It relates to the business models due to its explanation on how the digital economy is enabling businesses to improve the efficiency of their operations. This article shows how the enterprises which started in the old economy are being revolutionized using information technology. Further, the article also shows how the internet affects the models used in business, government and the economy. The article shows the recent developments in business models such as the use of reverse auctions in bidding. Some of the governments in the modern economies have resulted to electronic bidding in order to engage their suppliers. The electronic models used to engage suppliers in the new economy are highlighted in the article, linking the two articles. Nagata, K. (2011, January 1). Digital Age Leaves Myopic Japan Facing Manufacturing Crisis. Retrieved September 21, 2011, from Japan Times Online: http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110101f1.html This third article by Nagata discusses business models on the web pertains to the Japanese manufacturing industry, which is threatened with failure since it failed to recognize the need for innovation

Case Study Summary of Zara and Oxford Industries Essay Example for Free

Case Study Summary of Zara and Oxford Industries Essay Zara specializes in inexpensive fashions for women and men between the ages of 16 and 35. In keeping with the spirit of that demographic, Zara moves quickly. Like many apparel retailers, it has two seasons—fall/winter and spring/summer—but selections change frequently within those periods. Items spend no more than two weeks on the shelf before making way for new merchandise, and stores are replenished twice a week. With annual growth of around 20 percent in both sales and number of stores, Zara was finding that strategy increasingly difficult to execute. Part of the Inditex group of fashion distributors, it currently has more than 1,100 stores in 68 countries. With so much volume flowing through the supply chain, the company could no longer rely on guesswork by store managers as to how much product it needed to replenish at each location. In the summer of 2005, Zara heard about research being done on mathematical models for retailing, by professors Jeremie Gallien of the MIT Sloan School of Management and Felipe Caro of the UCLA Anderson School of Management. They were invited to Zara’s headquarters in La Coruna, Spain. The focus was on making better stock-allocation decisions for Zara’s growing network of stores. A prototype of the resulting model was implemented between March and July of the following year, as part of a six-month internship at Zara by MIT graduate student Juan Correa. Between August and December, researchers ran a live pilot involving distribution of a dozen products to Zara’s stores worldwide. An identical selection of products was dispatched to stores under the old process, for purposes of comparison. The mathematical model drew on historical sales data plus available stock in the warehouses to come up with a final number for each store. Gallien says the task was exceedingly complex. Each store carries several thousand items in up to eight sizes, with exact quantities to be determined for twice-weekly shipments. Through use of the model, computers could take over the basic number crunching, with humans left to make adjustments based on exceptions such as bad weather or unexpected disruptions in the sales channel. The emphasis on fast turnaround motivates consumers to purchase items on the spot. Unlike in many clothing stores, where seasonal lines remain on the shelves for weeks or months, a particular style in a Zara store can disappear within a week. Zara speeds up its supply chain by strategically selecting and locating suppliers. A â€Å"proximity model† judges not only their geographic placement, but their ability to respond quickly to production orders. About half of the retailer’s production meets the proximity threshold, mostly coming from suppliers in Spain, Portugal and Morocco. From a geographic standpoint, nearly 65 percent of production is sourced in Europe. Zara also buys from suppliers in Asia, but because of the need for speed, their number is â€Å"considerably less† than the industry’s average. The model has yielded additional benefits. Product now spends more time on the sales floor, and less in a back room or warehouse. With a reduction in misallocated inventory, there are fewer returns to the warehouse and transfers between stores. And, as Zara’s distribution network continues to grow, the retailer won’t need to expand its warehouse team as fast as the old process required. Summary of Oxford Industries Oxford Industries began in 1942 as a domestic manufacturer of basic, button-down shirts for mid-level retailers, particularly department stores. In recent years, however, the company has shifted its business model to focus on apparel design and marketing, with third-party producers handling manufacturing. As part of this transformation, the Atlanta-based company embraced a brand-focused business strategy. In 2003, Oxford acquired the island-inspired Tommy Bahama operations, followed by the 2004 acquisition of Ben Sherman—a well-known London-based brand made famous by the popularity of its shirts among British rock stars. Oxford’s legacy business units, Lanier Clothes and Oxford Apparel, also evolved. As one of the leading suppliers of men’s tailored clothing to retailers, Lanier Clothes designs and markets suits, sports coats, suit separates and dress slacks. While continuing to sell these under private labels, it also has licensed a number of well-known brands, including Geoffrey Beene, Kenneth Cole and Dockers. These products span a wide price range and are sold at national chains, department stores, specialty stores and discount retailers throughout the United States. Oxford Apparel’s products range from dress shirts and western wear to suit separates and golf apparel, designed mostly for private-label customers like Lands’ End, Federated Department Stores and Men’s Wearhouse. Oxford Industries also sells through 55 of its own stores. In the late 1980s, early in its transformation process and prior to the acquisition of Tommy Bahama and Ben Sherman, Oxford realized that it needed to bring its business divisions up to speed with more robust information technology. After completing the implementation of a company-wide enterprise resource planning system, the company contracted with an independent consulting firm to determine where it should invest time and money to further increase operational efficiencies and performance. The result of that in-depth study ultimately led to Oxford Industries’ decision to implement two solutions from JDA Software: Demand Planning and Master Planning. With so many possible permutations of size, style and color for each of its products, improving forecast accuracy was critical. Prior to implementing JDA Demand, Oxford relied on its retail customers’ demand forecasts for its private-label products, as well as information provided by the company’s own sales associates. If too much or too little product was created based on the retailer’s or the sales associates’ forecast, both Oxford Industries and that customer paid the price via lost sales or markdowns. JDA Demand enabled the company to better understand consumers’ evolving requirements and current trends, along with historical buying patterns, resulting in the ability to create more accurate forecasts and synchronize demand for replenished product with sources of supply. Oxford Industries can now compare its forecasts with those of its retail customers to ensure that the right amount of product is manufactured, leading to improved collaboration and service levels with its trading partners. The implementation of JDA Master Planning leveraged the solutions automated functionality to compile product information and production constraints to generate weekly sourcing and inventory plans from style to the SKU level. The solution also simultaneously considered factory capacities including special features, raw-material availability, and manufacturing and customer lead-times. Since Master Planning generated a first version of the supply plan by noon each Monday, Oxford Industries’ planners had four and a half days to resolve any issues to accommodate unplanned demand, which translated to an 85-percent improvement in planning efficiency. Although the company’s sourcing model has since shifted from a typical manufacturing process to more of a purchase process, manufacturing and customer lead-times, SKU-level decisions and some capacity constraints still need to be factored into the supply planning process. Master Planning provides the tools to let managers manage instead of serving as data-entry technicians.

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As an illustrious poet, writer, activist, and educator, Nikki Giovanni conjoins her life experiences and tenacity for a brighter future and intertwines them to create her astonishing work. Giovanni is an African American proponent for civil rights and equality which is illuminated in her poem â€Å"Woman.† The girl in the poem possesses pertinacious qualities that are similar to Giovanni’s. The piece itself highlights the worth of women and their equality to men since women are not required to be submissive to them, the process of searching for true identity, and the power one has to make a difference in oneself. The first stanza begins with the metaphor â€Å"she wanted to be a blade / of grass amid the fields† (1-2) which compares the girl’s desire to grow as a person to the growth of grass but also introduces her longing for individuality. It becomes apparent that the boy in her life is not supportive and â€Å"he wouldn’t agree to be the dandelion† (3-4) or provide a stable foundation for their relationship like a dandelion lacking coherence with grass. The second stanza opens with t...

Contributions Of Community Pharmacies Health And Social Care Essay

In the United Kingdom, the parts of community pharmaceuticss to public wellness have non been clearly defined. As a effect they are non routinely integrated into the work of the wider public wellness household. Whilst it is ill-defined why this should be, it has been acknowledged that they have the potency of playing a important function in protecting and bettering population wellness, placing forms of disease and supplying wellness and societal surveillance information to public wellness organic structures ( Department of Health 2005a ; RPSGB 2003 ) . The function of the community pharmaceutics in public wellness remains to be to the full exploited, even though they have been progressively involved in wellness betterment activities such as services aimed at smoking surcease, sexual wellness and substance abuse services, etc, as laid out in the contractual model for community pharmaceuticss ( DOH 2005b ) . An of import country of public wellness where community pharmaceuticss have been least involved is in wellness protection, and they have the potencies of complementing present attempts in surveillance of infective diseases and supplying support to affected population during an eruption. In Wales, wellness protection is one of the cardinal duties of the Public Health Wales ( PHW ) Health Protection unit and the Catching Disease Surveillance Centre ( CDSC ) is the arm responsible for surveillance of infective diseases, support for outbreak probes and proviso of wellness intelligence and applied research ( NPHS Wales, 2007 ) . Soon, there are no enterprises or policies to officially prosecute the wellness protection unit of the Public Health Wales and community pharmaceuticss to work together on wellness protection whereby everyday intelligence and surveillance information are exchanged ( NPHS Wales, 2007 ) . These surveillances information could be in signifier of supervising tendencies of nonprescription ( OTC ) gross revenues informations ( e.g anti-diarrhoeal, anti-fungal, cold and cough redresss, etc. ) to observe eruptions, and routinely supplying community pharmaceuticss with eruptions and surveillance studies to enable them supply support to affected population. Policy Framework Analysis: In order to accomplish a successful policy alteration, a prospective policy analysis of the issue at manus ( Analysis for policy ) , which is iterative and dynamic will be undertaken ( Buse. 2005 ) . The diagram below high spots the different facets of the policy analysis and is explained in inside informations under the policy headings – content, context, histrions and procedure.Need for alteration ( Policy Content ) :There is a demand to germinate the functions of the wellness protection units and CDSC of PHW to include everyday communicating with community pharmaceuticss in order to better their effectivity in surveillance and sensing of infective diseases eruptions and protection of population wellness in Wales. This formal battle of community pharmaceuticss with the PHW Health Protection unit is of import as a consequence of increasing cognition and consciousness of its possible benefits. During the eruption of E. Coli O157 in South Wales in September 2005 which affected about 150 people ( with 1 decease recorded ) , the pharmaceutics squad of the so NPHS Wales noted anecdotal studies that community druggists had been consulted with respects to the sale of anti-diarrhoeal readyings ( Walker 2009 ) . Besides during the eruption of viral pinkeye in South Wales in August 2006, GPs and community pharmaceuticss were advised against the usage of ophthalmic Chloromycetin and there was grounds of public wellness protection by those pharmaceuticss that acted on the advice ( Hinchliffe and Walker 2008 ) . These are arrows to the fact that community pharmaceuticss can play a important function in public wellness protection.Policy Context ;Public or authorities policy has been described as a determination that a authorities decides or decides non to do ( Dye 2001 ) . In the current political context in Wales since degeneration in 1999, the WAG has adopted the â€Å" citizens â⠂¬Ëœ theoretical account † of wellness service bringing where the populace have rights and duties in both having wellness services, and guaranting handiness of the services to everyone ( Welsh Assembly Government 2004 ; Beecham Report 2006 ) . Therefore, the current policy environment in Wales can be said to be pluralist and the major contextual factors asking a demand for alteration at this point in clip are structural and endogenous in nature. These include the acknowledgment by the UK Department of Health ( 2005a ) that community pharmaceuticss are untapped resources in protecting public wellness and the committednesss of the Welsh Assembly Government in its One Wales a progressive docket for the authorities of Wales, which aims to protect the wellness of the population with one of its wellness precedences of beef uping public wellness services ( Welsh Assembly Government 2007 ) . Furthermore, improved electronic connectivity in community pharmaceuticss ( RPSGB, 2008 ) will let for easy and speedy transmittal and reception of informations and information for surveillance activities. Last, addition in the cognition that early sensing and control of infective diseases outbreaks in the population through an efficient surveillance system significantly reduces its load on the wellness of the population and saves costs of intervention and infirmary admittance, therefore bettering public assurance in the authorities.Policy Stakeholders ( Actors ) :This measure involves placing the policy histrions and understanding their place and involvements with regard to the issue of affecting community pharmaceuticss in PHW ‘s wellness protection ( Buse, 2005 ) . This is of import in order to accomplish alteration and guarantee its successful execution and sustainability. Welsh Assembly Government: Is a cardinal stakeholder in doing and implementing the policy by presenting the policy instrument in the signifier of an official statement and/or ordinance. The undermentioned histrions in the WAG include: The Department of Health and Social Services: oversees all wellness related maps in Wales including â€Å" reding the Welsh Assembly Government in puting policies and schemes for wellness and societal attention in Wales † ( Welsh Assembly Government, 2010a ) and is cardinal in decision-making with respects to O.K.ing the policy and presenting the policy instrument on behalf of the authorities. The Department of Public Health and Health Professions ( DPHHP ) : headed by the Chief Medical Officer for Wales, reports to the Department of Health and Social Services and has the aim of protecting the wellness of the peoples and being prepared for wellness exigencies ( WAG 2010b ) . Chief Health Professionals: including the main medical officer, main pharmaceutical advisor and others who provide expert cognition in public wellness and related specializer countries to the WAG and other external organic structures to protect and better public wellness. Public Health Wales ( PHW ) : In October 2009, the new NHS trust established by the WAG became operational, integrating the maps and services provided by the NPHS Wales, Wales Centre for Health ( WCfH ) , WCISU and the Screening Services Wales. PHW is to supply resources, advice and information to the WAG, and all Wales NHS Trusts, Local Health boards, etc, enabling them to transport out their statutory public Health maps ( Public Health Wales 2009 ) . Its Health protection unit has as one of its strategic ends to cut down the impact of infective diseases and exigencies in the population and delivers this through its Health Protection Teams and the Centre for Communicable Diseases Surveillance ( CCDS ) among others ( NPHS Wales, 2007 ) . The PHW is a cardinal histrion in accomplishing successful policy alterations since they will be straight involved in the execution of the policy. Public Health Consultants in Wales: including Advisers in Catching Diseases and Control would be portion of the policy alteration procedure in obtaining experts inputs in their assorted specialised Fieldss, and most particularly pharmaceutical public wellness advisers would be chief advocators and innovators of the policy alteration. Community Pharmacy Wales ( CPW ) : is the local pattern forum for Wales and is possibly the most important stakeholder as community pharmaceuticss are at the other terminal of the spectrum for execution and the policy alteration affects them straight and the manner they operate. CPW represents the involvements of the over 700 community pharmaceuticss in Wales and are recognized by the WAG as the negociating organic structure on behalf of pharmaceutics contractors, taking the function from the PSNC ‘s Welsh commission following degeneration ( CPW, [ no day of the month ] ) . Nation-wide Chain Pharmacy Stores: These are peculiarly of import stakeholders since their operations span across the different UK states and are likely to hold an integrated IT system for staff and information direction. Their positions are of import since they represent a big ball of community pharmaceuticss, for illustration in Wales of the 714 community pharmaceuticss, 91 are owned by Boots ( Walker 2009 ) . Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain ( RPSGB ) : is the regulative and professional organic structure for druggists and pharmaceutics technicians in the Britain with primary aims â€Å" to take, modulate, develop and stand for the profession of pharmaceutics † ( RPSGB, 2010a ) . Since more than half of the over 2300 druggists in Wales work in the community ( RPSGB, 2010b ) , the RPSGB is an of import histrion in stand foring their involvements and in guaranting that the policy is successfully made and implemented. The Welsh Centre for Pharmacy Professional Education ( WCPPE ) : is an operational unit of the Welsh School of pharmaceutics, Cardiff University and provides go oning professional development chances ( CPD ) for the pharmaceutics squad in Wales ( WCPPE, 2010 ) . The WCPPE is of import as a policy histrion in fashioning and supplying a CPD programme for community druggists in Wales as a portion of the policy execution procedure in guaranting its success and continuity/sustainability. Faculty of Public Health ( FPH ) : in the UK is the organic structure that sets criterions for public wellness specializers and purposes to advance promotions in public wellness cognition and keep the highest degree of professional criterions ( FPH, 2010 ) . The FPH is a major advocator for public wellness in the UK and hammering an effectual partnership with it in pursing this policy alteration is important for puting the policy on the docket and guaranting that it remains there up till its execution and rating. National Pharmacy Association ( NPA ) : is the trade association for community pharmaceuticss in the UK and aims to stand for, support and protect their involvements ( NPA, 2010 ) . The NPA is a potentially of import histrion in the policy procedure since their place can do or impair the execution of the policy. The Media: Is an first-class agencies of acquiring the issue on the docket and in puting the ball turn overing for treatments among different histrions ( Buse et al 2005 ) . The advocates of the policy alteration may use a sponsored intelligence docudrama particularly foregrounding past effects of eruptions ( including human deaths ) and ways in which the community pharmaceuticss could hold provided of import surveillance information to the PHW and the populace and intervened to supply support to affected population.Other Stakeholders will include:Welsh Medicines Resource Centre ( WeMeReC ) Local Health Boards in Wales Board of Community Health Council in Wales The Media The Welsh Office of Research and Development for Heath and Social Care ( WORD ) As a portion of the policy analysis model, after placing the political histrions, measuring their political powers and measuring their involvements, places and committednesss ( Buse et al, 2005 ) , an abridged stakeholder analysis and sum-up of their power distribution is shown in Table 1 below.Table 1: Stakeholder Analysis ( Varvasovszky and Brugha, ( 2000 ) :SupportAgainst ( Opposition )ImpersonalWelsh Assembly Government ( WAG ) Community Pharmacy Wales ( CPW ) Welsh Centre for Pharmacy Professional Education ( WCPPE ) Public Health Wales ( PHW ) National Pharmacy Association ( NPA ) Media Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain ( RPSGB ) RPSGB WeMeReC Faculty of Public Health ( FPH ) Nation-wide Pharmacy Stores, e.g. Boots Pharmacy Board of Community Health Council in Wales Advisers of Public Health in Wales Local Health Boards in Wales MediaPolicy ProcedureDespite the pluralist nature of the political system in Wales, Luke ‘s first dimension of power may non capture the full scope of relationships that exists, while his 2nd dimension of power may be utile in explicating the docket puting procedure ( Buse et al. 2005 ) since different policy histrions all have changing powers to protect their involvements. Policy alteration here would use the incrementalist attack which would affect â€Å" puddling through † the policy position quo which will include a new function for the Public Health Wales ( i.e. everyday communicating of surveillance information with community pharmaceuticss ) and community pharmaceuticss ( i.e. supplying OTC gross revenues informations to PHW ) . The four-staged ( additive ) policy procedure – docket scene, policy preparation, policy execution and policy rating, provides a utile heuristic device ( Stages Heuristics ) which is utile in explicating the policy procedure, even though it is a cyclical procedure in world ( Hogwood and Gunn 1984 ) . Agenda Setting: Introducing this policy alteration onto the WAG docket may non be achieved following the â€Å" politics-as-usual † attack where the WAG comes to find and acknowledge that there is a major issue to be addressed ( Buse et al. 2005 ) . The Hall ‘s theoretical account ( 1975 ) cited in Buse et Al ( 2005 ) will be of import in conveying the issue to the attending of the WAG since its legitimacy, feasibleness and support can be deemed as high and pursued by the histrions: Legitimacy ; Expanding the function of community pharmaceuticss to complement current attempts at public wellness protection and affecting them to supply support to affected population after an eruption is a legitimate end in footings of presenting the WAG aim of wellness protection. It is besides underpinned by several studies ( DOH 2005a, RPSGB 2003 ) recommending more engagement of community pharmaceuticss in wellness protection. Feasibility ; Achieving the policy alteration will supply a platform at maximising available resources for wellness protection as the policy alteration will non necessitate any major extra fiscal and human resources in footings of chance costs. It involves spread outing the duties of the PHW wellness protection squads to routinely pass oning with community pharmaceuticss in their local governments and analyzing informations obtained from them as portion of surveillance. It is extremely executable, maximizes finite human and fiscal resources of authorities. Support ; A possible challenge in the policy procedure is acquiring equal support particularly from community pharmaceuticss and their different organic structures. Since its non portion of the contractual model of community pharmaceuticss and no commercial wagess, community pharmaceuticss may look non concerted. However, this challenge can be addressed by equal protagonism and lobbying with the pharmaceutics groups ( CPW, NPA, RPSGB ) and guaranting that support is obtained. From the authorities position, support from the public wellness advisers and civil retainers ( curate, managers, etc. ) would be sought after by the pharmaceutical public wellness advisers and spouses recommending for the alteration. Public Health Consultants in Wales, in peculiar pharmaceutical public wellness advisers would be the title-holder of the policy alteration by first accepting the demand for alteration and propagating the message particularly through the media. Health Protection Unit of the PHW who are a portion of the policy implementers would be involved in this early phase to guarantee their support, while other parts of the PHW including the Public Health Strategic Management Group would be carried along. Community pharmaceuticss on the other manus may turn out hard ab initio, but strong protagonism and usage of political resources available particularly through the RPSGB would guarantee cooperation. Advocacy by druggists and advisers working within PHW to the RPSGB, CPW and NPA and the usage of informal meetings and formal unit of ammunition table treatments between these stakeholders will guarantee support. The support of the FPH would be required since it plays a important function in protagonism for public wellness policy alteration ( FPH, 2010 ) .Policy FormulationOnce the issue gets on the authorities docket, a series of complex activities takes topographic point within the policy web ( procedure and histrions ) , with the histrions exerting their political powers and resources to prosecute their involvements in the policy. The usage of public audience is a tool often used by the WAG ( Strategic Policy Unit ) in policy devising procedures, which would convey the policy web together to consider and supply proficient information on the policy. At this phase and based on dialogues, the concluding inside informations and accommodations of the policy alteration would be made before it is formulated. Policy preparation takes topographic point by passage of the policy through an appropriate policy instrument which in this instance may be done through the issue of an official policy statement/circular by the Minister of Health and Social Services. This policy so flows down the hierarchy of the civil service and NHS to the PHW which so implements it. Community pharmacies either through the CPW, RPSGB and/or NPA will besides publish policy statements to all its members to move as appropriate with the PHW. Further reappraisals and treatments at a ulterior clip during and after ratings have been carried out may so take to farther dialogue and determination on whether or non to include the policy in the community pharmaceutics contractual model.Policy ExecutionExecution is the most of import facet of the policy procedure since it is where alteration is expected to happen. Using the â€Å" Bottom-Up † attack would affect the implementers ; in this instance the PHW Health Protection Unit and community pharmaceuticss ( CPW ) , to interact in the political procedure of execution ( Buse, 2005 ) . Conflicts are bound to originate during execution but it is of import in placing challenges and supplying feedbacks for rating and for alteration of attack. The â€Å" Top-down † attack to policy execution would be used to sketch the administrative and managerial facets including sketching ends and schemes, and delegating quantitative marks to guarantee that the policy bringing can be monitored and evaluated to place countries for betterment. Execution of the policy may merely bring forth a fringy incremental alteration which is easy to supervise and requires really small human and fiscal resources. Successful execution is an iterative procedure which and requires regular inputs and active engagement of the members of the policy web. This can be achieved through a regular stakeholders ‘ forum for treatments, suggestions and ratings. One other of import facet of the execution is to include wellness protection as a Continuing Professional Development ( CPD ) programme for community pharmaceuticss. This facet would affect the RPSGB and WCPPE, guaranting sustainability of the alteration and can be achieved through active protagonism.Policy EvaluationEvaluation in a policy procedure is iterative and may be done at any phase of the policy procedure in order to measure the degrees of advancement that has been made. Formative rating of the policy will be carried out during the policy docket scene, preparation and execution phases to modify and develop the concluding policy in order to suit the positions of differing powerful histrions. Summational ratings on the other manus would be focussed to mensurate the degree of impacts of early sensing of infective diseases outbreak achieved by the policy alteration over a period of clip ( Buse et al, 2005 ) . Evaluation of the policy may include the usage of epidemiological surveies such as ecological and instance control surveies to measure the effectivity of observing eruptions of infective diseases as a consequence of affecting community pharmaceuticss in surveillance in comparing with other countries of the UK. It involves the aggregation and usage of qualitative and quantitative informations to measure the effectivity of the policy alteration. The usage of the Donabedian ‘s Structure-Process-Outcome Model to gestate the policy rating is described in table 2 below.Donabedian Framework for Policy EvaluationStructure/Input:Administrative/Managerial ComponentsNumber of PHW Health Protection Teams and Community Pharmacies involvedUse of IT resourcesResultEarly sensing of eruptions by community pharmaceuticss taking to reduced load of infective diseases Reduced burden/morbidity of infective diseases in the populationProcess/Activities:Routine ( Weekly or Monthly ) communicating and exchange of wellness protection studies and infection diseases surveillance informations Actions taken by community pharmaceuticss to back up affected population Whether or non Continuing Professional Development ( CPD ) on wellness protection has been introduced to community pharmaceuticssEnd productSum of eruptions detected through usage of community pharmaceuticss surveillance informations Sum of outbreak instances handled by community pharmaceuticss ( referrals and actions taken ) Number of community pharmaceuticss taking the CPD on wellness protectionDrumhead