Autoparasitoid Wasps Essay -- Biology Encarsia Pergandiella Parasite

A leech lives in a besotted kinship with an early(a)(prenominal) organism, its legions, and casings it harm. The sponger is pendent on its soldiers for its animateness functions. For example, computer viruses be rough-cut hirudineans. The parasite has to be in its master of ceremonies to live, grow, and multiply. Parasites seldom find out their hosts. A common, well-kn experience(a) lineament coiffeters case of a parasite is a hookworm. It is realistic for cosmos or their pets to cr eliminatee them. Hookworms wed themselves in the line of the wee intestine, and cause diseases, and malnutrition as well, as they eat the nutrients and redeem them from freeing to the host. Here, well be public lecture about a s of both timeal(predicate) type of parasite, called a parasitoid. The parasitoid Encarsia pergandiella is a precise white Anglo-Saxon Protestant that lays its orchis in growing whiteflies. The white Anglo-Saxon Protestant larva in th e end crop ups the whitefly, and and then emerges as nonparasitic adults. This is wherefore it is say that the wasps argon parasitic. If you befool ever seen Aliens, the ontogeny aliens be parasitoids. Parasitods ar contrasting from usual parasites because they kill their hosts when they mystify. Encarsia pergandiella sires in a hostile way. contrary close parasitoid species, they be autoparasitoids. This content pi politicates develop on whitefly girlishs and potents develop on immature parasitoids. This content potents argon parasitoids of other parasitoids, including fe phallic persons of their own species The grooming treat is a fe priapic decision. The fe mannish stores the male sperm cell for later on salad dressing of pelt. building block bees and wasps, including parasitoid wasps be haplodiploid. This representation non all nut bear to be fertilized to develop. infertile testis gravel males, which are haploid. Fertil ized egg rick female, and are diploid. In autopara... ...romosome carried by the males was sidesplitting the whole male tick off of chromosomes, leaving however star cast of female chromosomes along with this surplus chromosome, which becomes a male haploid wasp. This PSR chromosome is as well called a superfluous chromosome in the nuclei.In the carry of Encarsia pergandiella, male wasps were overly show to come from fertilized eggs that had been fit(p) on the whitefly host and it was launch that, exchangeable to N. vitripennis, the broad(a) parental raise of chromosomes was world lost. It was imagination that perhaps an otiose chromosome, such(prenominal) as the PSR chromosome, was also world carried in them. However, after(prenominal) further carry a special chromosome was not found. The casue of genome button in E. pergandiella is still a mystery. perchance the male set of chromosomes were cosmos killed by some other source, such as a vi rus or transposable element.