Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 1402 Words

One of the greatest pieces of literature during the Romantic Period is the novel, Frankenstein. This intelligent work of art was written by Mary Shelley. Shelley was born in London on August 30th, 1797 and died on February 1, 1851. People from all around the world have heard about the monster created by the one and only Victor Frankenstein; also known as the world’s maddest scientist that has ever lived in the fictional world. As many people do not know, Mary Shelley subtitled her book â€Å"Or, The Modern Prometheus?† This gothic novel is similar to that of the story about the Greek god Prometheus. Readers are given reasons to assume that her story might have something to do with the Greek myth about the titan named Prometheus. Victor†¦show more content†¦After a major battle in the heavens by the children of the titan Kronos, the titans were kicked out of the heavens for the most part, except for Prometheus. Prometheus helped the gods that were left, led by Zeus to gain power. He eventually fell short of favor with Zeus as he attempted to help the mortals on Earth, which Zeus despised. Zeus wanted to start over with creation and was waiting for the all the mortals to go extinct. Prometheus stopped this and granted mortals the gift of fire. As a result, Zeus had Prometheus tied and chained to the very top of the Caucasus Mountains. He was forced to suffer for the rest of his life and eternity until the arrival of Hercules. His liver was eaten every day by an Eagle and at dawn it would grow back only to be eaten again by the Eagle. Frankenstein and Prometheus attempted to bring life to this world, but without the consent of God, they were made to suffer for their actions. In Frankenstein the act of giving life to another mortal is very unhuman like, because it goes against all the rules of human nature. Prometheus also goes against rules of the gods by stealing fire and giving it as a gift to mortals on Earth. After they create their creations, both Dr. Frankenstein and Prometheus have to pay for their actions and do not get off so easy. They both get punished and tortured for ignoring the unwritten laws of nature and science. What they did was immoral. There are many different similarities

The Contribution Of The Field Of Archaeology - 1911 Words

All of our researchers are or were wholly concerned with creating meaning from the material fragments which characterized our past as humans. Both in terms of our cultural heritage and our social dynamic aspects of culture, the potentials available in archaeological approaches to explain our past vary widely and are often vestiges of their period in time. These four theorists are all of tremendous importance in their respective contributions to the field of archaeology. Throughout the short period of theoretical development within the archaeological discipline, the thought has quickly evolved often mirroring in many way the greater climate of ideas present within the mainstream ethos. In this way each of our theorists present their ideas from a frame unconcerned with others ideas. Comparing these ideas we easily see the representations, mentioned earlier, of the period from which these ideas arise. V. Gordon Childe, for instance, working in the early to mid 19th century, was a part of a world where racism was often projected within the social sciences and ideas of archaeology and anthropology were very much concerned with ethnography in the hopes of saving vestiges of the primitive societies which were thought to be on their way out of existence. His ideas of Frans Boaz argued for the uniqueness of cultures and the influence of individual events in shaping them. In his argument he posits there is no way of comparing cultures universally due to the individuality with whichShow MoreRelatedThe Egyptian Cultural Heritage Program Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesAssociation and many more. (UCL Institute of Archaeology). Additionally, the time and length of Hassan’s career spans more then 30 years of experience in the field of archeology (UCL Institute of Archaeology). He began his career in 1963 as a teaching assistance in the department of geology in Cairo University in Egypt (UCL Institute of Archaeology). He went on to participate in many research projects and fieldwork from about 1968 until 2009 (UCL Institute of Archaeology). Furthermore, in 2011 Hassan was theRead MoreDoing Archaeological Research Worksheet On The Library1231 Words   |  5 Pagesdigital books and journals Log into Portal. Click on the Library icon. 1. Type medieval archaeology into the Library search quick search box and hit submit. How many sources are found? What kinds of sources are here? 3 points There were 208,606 results found when searching medieval archaeology using the quick search. This search was decreased to 183,794 when the discipline of history and archaeology was applied to the refine search which may be more relevant. There are electronic books, journalRead MoreThe Study of Archaeology Essay examples1056 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to The Society for American Archaeology, the definition of Archaeology is, â€Å"to obtain a chronology of the past, a sequence of events and dates that, in a sense, is a backward extension of history.† The study of ancient civilizations and archaeology is rather ambiguous due to the primitive nature of the time period. With little imagery and even less textual evidence, professionals in the field must work diligently when studying their subjects. Naturally, archaeologists cannot see or communicateRead MoreCulture And Consumption : New Approaches917 Words   |  4 Pagesalso places an emphasis on civic engagement related to archaeology. From the 1990’s to the present they have collaborated on several articles and books on archaeology. In explaining my theoretical perspective, I mention their article on post-processualism on historical archaeology. 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As a result, the branch of underwaterRead MoreKathleen Kenyon Essay2741 Words   |  11 Pagesresearch paper submitted to professor franklin castello In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For BIBL – 471 Liberty University Online By Esther Lucas-Robinson october 10, 2010 Esther Lucas-Robinson BIBL – 471 – Biblical Archaeology ‘Kathleen Kenyon’ Introduction Some of the more remarkable archaeological discoveries in the 20th century were made by Dame Kathleen Kenyon. Kathleen Kenyon was born into the heart of the English scholarly community and with all the help thatRead MoreThe Archaeological Theory Of Practice1451 Words   |  6 Pagessite centered and were oriented toward physical material for creating chronology. This included excavations becoming artifact oriented with advances in seriation, stratigraphy, and recording spatial context of remains. This framework provided contributions in the way archology practices are done today by framing the basic anthropological patterns and chronologies and with anthropology practices, systematic cultures that were being destroyed. This framework did have drawbacks in the way that it reducedRead MoreYigael Yadins Archaeological Contributions2430 Words   |  10 PagesYigael Yadin’s Archaeological Contributions Introduction Biblical Archeology has helped in supporting the historicity of the Bible. Not that archaeology proves or disapproves the Bible – this it does not, it only supports the history of the Bible. One of the discoveries that support the biblical historicity is the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Dead Sea Scrolls came from eleven caves, mined over the course of seven years, over 15,000 documents supporting biblical historicity have been unearthedRead MoreThe Conflict Of Science And Belief Systems, Preferential Treatment1532 Words   |  7 Pagesthe academic community that they are â€Å"vitally interested in documenting, preserving, and interpreting Native American history as part of our concern for the overall history of North America,† a passion which is shared by seemingly all those in the field (Jemison). Though some American Indians feel they already know all there is to know of their past through the stories and customs passed down through several generations, it is not hard to imagine how this could paint an incomplete and unreliableRead MoreThe Exhibition : Sex And Symbolism : Hearts, Bodies, Minds1522 Words   |  7 PagesLondon (UCL). The students undertaking this project were split into different subgroups (see Appendix). I was a part of the Collections Management Team. The target audience for the exhibition included students (aged 18-30) from the Institute of Archaeology (IoA) at UCL, staff from the IoA at UCL, students and staff from other UCL departments, visitors from other academic institutions including school groups and prospective students, and adults including young professionals (UCL, 2017:4). The audience

Oedipus

Oedipus-Concepts of Sight Essay The concept of sight is one of the major motifs throughout Sophocles play Oedipus the King. The play revolves primarily around series of events caused by many peoples insight or lack there of. Oedipus does not see that he is caught up in a web of cruel destiny that he can not escape. The gods demonstrate foresight and insight into the play. In addition to this, Tiresias has physical blindness but also has prophetic insight. Finally, both Oedipus and Jocasta portray types of mental blindness and shortsightedness. These are all examples of different uses of sight in the play Oedipus the King. We will write a custom essay on Oedipus-Concepts of Sight specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Oedipus is a hero, but sometimes he can not see the reality of this. He goes into states where he lacks mental insight, making rash decisions without thinking about the future or consequences. One of his biggest downfalls because of this shortsightedness is that he does not realize that his destiny is solely in the hands of the gods. After Oedipus is told as a young boy about the prophecy of his life, he can not see how he is destined to marry his mother and kill his father. Furthermore, because of his lack of insight he truly believes that he can move without the Oracles prophecy following him. No matter what Oedipus does, he has no control over what the gods have predetermined. The gods also punish the people of Thebes with hard times since it is these people who brought Oedipus into the land as their king. The gods do this in order to make the people see through Oedipus extreme pride and quick temper. The gods apparently think that the only way to get them to see what Oedipus has done is by causing the city pain and suffering. The gods use their insight to affect Oedipus life, family and city. Although the gods do not initially favor Oedipus, his kingdom sees him as a noble ruler. Oedipus pride prevents him from seeing the truth and this leads to his great fall. His pride forces him to kill his father because he refuses to pay a toll and give up the right of way. Oedipus is so blinded by his pride that he can not accept the fact that he can not avoid his fate placed upon him by the gods. It is because he is not perfect and has these tragic flaws that in the end makes him a tragic hero. The greatest of his flaws happens to be his excessive pride and self-righteousness. Had Oedipus not listened to his pride, he could have avoided some of the humiliation and he would not have fallen from power in such a tragic manner. Another ironic concept of sight in the play is found through Tiresias, the blind prophet. This is an oxymoron in itself. Tiresias is a wise old man who exhibits supernatural powers to interpret the past and predict the future. The fact that Tiresias is blind ma kes his visionary powers appear even more mysterious. This leads Oedipus to doubt Tiresias ability to see the truth. Had Oedipus not had so much pride, he would have understood the truth of Tiresias. Tiresias uses puzzling predictions to make men ponder about themselves. He does this to Oedipus by asking him to consider himself the murderer of Laios. He describes the murderer of Laios as blind instead of seeing, beggar instead of rich, he will make his way to foreign soil, feeling his way with a stick (31). This is great foresight on behalf of Tiresias. All of these things will later come true when Oedipus falls from power and blinds himself. It is Tiresias who is the first person to tell Oedipus that he has killed his own father.He tells Oedipus You do not see the evil in which you live (25). It takes a blind prophet to see that it is Oedipus who has murdered Laius.Even so, Oedipus states You are blind, your ears and mind as well as eyes (25). Therefore, when Oedipus insults Tires ias and accuses him of being a false prophet, he is also attacking the gods. This shortsighted decision made by Oedipus can cause no good. If what Tiresias has said is true, then Oedipus is quickly sealing his own doom by insulting the gods furthermore. Tiresias has a very different type of sight than that of Oedipus. Tiresias can see the truth even while blinded, whereas Oedipus can physically see but he is blinded by his own shortsightedness. Jocasta shows mental blindness when she fails to realize that the prophecy has come true. Jocasta keeps ignoring the signs, ironically blinded by shortsightedness just as her son/husband Oedipus. At the same time, Oedipus is beginning to see how his shortsightedness has sealed his fate. He must face up to the fact that in a moment of anger, he threatened harsh punishment on whoever killed Laios. Once again, Oedipus has been blinded by his own quick temper and poor judgements as he now realizes that the punishment only applies to him. When Jo castas eyes are finally open to the truth, she returns to the house and shortly thereafter kills herself. She does this because she can not believe that she had been so blind as to think that the prophecy will not come true. She is fully aware that all of Oedipus troubles have been caused by the blind way she and Laius handled the Oracles prophecy. She does not want to have to live with the double fruit of her marriage, a husband by her husband and children by her child. .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 , .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .postImageUrl , .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 , .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965:hover , .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965:visited , .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965:active { border:0!important; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965:active , .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965 .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u65c63f536d2fc290e21ebe29f1160965:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Yalta Conference Essay Ironically, at the beginning of the play Oedipus is lacking mental insight, but when he finally gains foresight into the situation, he blinds himself. He does this because he believes that he carries the entire fault of all the events that have happened. While he is totally innocent of everything but his predetermined destiny, he can not endure the sight of what he has inadvertently caused. You will not see, he said, The horrors I have suffered and done. Be dark forever now-eyes that saw those you should not have seen, and failed to recognize those you longed to see (93). He takes responsibility for blinding himself saying that he can not bear t o see the horror everywhere in his actions. Athenian law condemns parricide and incest, so Oedipus has broken the most sacred of their moral laws. While others would have been punished by death or exiled for their crimes, it is decided that Oedipus will only be exiled since he acted in innocence without knowledge of his actions. As a result of his actions, it is now apparent that Oedipus has lost everything of importance: his kingdom, his family, and his happiness. In the beginning of Oedipus the King, Oedipus is portrayed as an admired and respected ruler. By the end of the play, he has been stripped of his political power, has blinded himself, and has exited as a broken man. All these different uses of the concept of sight are found in Sophocles play Oedipus the King. Oedipus is noble in taking full responsibility for his troubled past, even though his troubles have been caused by Laius and Jocastas blind way of handling their problems.With a little help from the gods, who did not hold Oedipus in favor, his blind choices and quick temper lead to his great fall. Even though Oedipus is not physically blind like Tiresias, he is blind to the actuality of the actions of his life. Because of this, it is ironic that Oedipus is morally blind when physically he can see. When Oedipus finally sees the truth, he realizes he is morally blind and then physically blinds his eyes. He realizes that his destiny is in the hands of the gods, and there was nothing he could do to change that. These are all different concepts of sight that revolve around the story of Oedipus.

You are a Roman an Example of the Topic History Essays by

You are a Roman 68 days ago I said goodbye to my friends, my wife Laeticia Sidonia and Caius Brutus, my mentor. I remember him advising me regarding the perils of such a journey, but also repeating Veni Vidi Vici which means that a common Roman citizen can conquer the cultural treasures of the places he visits, with his eyes and spirit, as Julius Caesar did before in full glory with his army. Under Cesars protection, in year 128 AD, I started my journey to yet another corner of the Roman oyster, the legendary land of the Helens. I have been amazed to see that Greece is a melting pot of Barbars and noblemen, that the Latin spoken here can vary from the most pitiful Latina Vulgaris ever heard to the flawless type spoken by the eldest in our Senate. As the Roman elite, the Greek intellectuals are very cultured and rest dignified in any discussion; and they are updates with everything that is happening in the Roman Empire; In contrast to the Roman spirit of Law and realism, the Greeks tend to wander in mythologies and superstition quite a lot, and mixing affairs of state with omens from oracles is quite to their taste. I am beautifully amazed by the richness of their imagination and culture, though I prefer the pragmatism of my own roots. I came to understand why Greece is culturally, the root of the great Roman civilization. The spiritual and artistic life of the Helens is in big lines similar to ours, lacking of course the faultless glory of our Empire and the sharp spirit of affairs that led the Romans to be the conquerors of the world. But when I see the Greek Corinth ornaments, statues, their temples, the spotless beauty of the Pantheon and of the Acropolis, the godly and distant perfection of their arts and verses, I think Greece is our artistic sister and we should learn from its beauty, as we have been for many centuries. Need essay sample on "You are a Roman" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed I am now in Athens, visiting the exceptional educational cradle founded by two great forefathers of Roman philosophy: Aristotle's Lyceum and Plato's Academy. I have met many Roman disciples there, pursuing their courses in rhetoric, politics, logics and the great art of reaching the truth by debating. All of our politicians, senators and Law experts back in Rome use the Socrates lines of dialectics, to convey their message logically through an argument or exposition that systematically weighs contradictory facts or ideas with a view to the resolution of their real or apparent contradictions and thus to convince the audience of their point. I have seen the Colossus of Rhodes, the Ruins of Troy, the Oracle of Delphi and this made me think of the greatest Greek bard, Homer compared to our most cherished author, Virgil. Beautiful epic poems, Homers Iliad finds a grand counterpart in Virgils Aeneid. The heroes, lead by wit, humors and conflicting gods participate to the making and unmaking of great civilizations. They all affront armies, supernatural powers, and hostile destiny to achieve a honorary goal. There are similar values driving the heroes: Achilless code of honor and pride, or Aeneass oath to find the predestined home against all odds. However, Greek literature has a tendency for tragedy, while the Latin for the heroic and more human side of the conflicts. Both heroes have similar motivations for their adventures, i.e. the honor, the duty, the kingdom. But Homers fiction world is subject to the caprices of gods who kneel down the men, while Virgils scope is to reveal human force despite (super)natural traps. The balance is not righted during Achilles' existence, pessimistically symbolizing the heros existential defeat. In contrast, Aeneas symbolically shows the optimistic future of the Roman Empire, e.g. the legend of Romulus and Remus, Caesars victories. I find the mentalities of two peoples well encrypted in here and say Ave, Caesar, history reveals the truth. I found the same considerable symbols in Greek arts, when I saw that Roman arts have significantly derived from the Greek patterns. Undoubtedly the hallmark of beauty and harmony of details, Greek sculpture is a monument of purity, perfection and formality. I saw the very Canon of all arts, the statue in which Polyclitus the Greek computed all the perfection of the parts to achieve the flawlessness of the whole. When an expression reaches perfection, it becomes the effigy of any artist. I saw The Cannon cast in bronze, a spear bearer of perfect proportions, in contraposto, the body a bit twisted to show relief and dynamism. Roman artists have often copied the Greek works, have imported and bought them to adorn our temples and homes, have imitated them but we have also slowly moved towards something imperfect, but different, i.e. portraiture. Already knowledgeable of the principles of formal perfection (embodied by Polyclituss Cannon, in my view), the Roman artists have started working on individual expression. My reference is the statue of Augustus of Primaporta, which adopted the Greek canons of contraposto, the implicit movement of an anatomically perfect figure. But in contrast to the unearthly, ideal expression of The Canon, Augustus is given historical and individual depth, as well as the uniqueness of a great mans biography translated into his face lines, the strength of his look, the ample idological gesture, the unsaid orders radiating from his lips, the beauty of their personalized uniform. Essentially, as a scholar said, Greek sculpture emphasizes idealism and universality, while Roman visual art is more personalized: it emphasizes the particular rather than the universal. Breathtakingly, two civilizations so alike and yet so different. I have discovered so much about myself and my kind by seeing another culture, tightly carved into the glorious Roman one. However, now that I write about all these discoveries, I have to wonder what will they write in the future about. I wonder what will be said about the most victorious empire since the birth of Jupiter. References: Augustus of Prima Porta. (2007, September 26). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Homer (1999). The Illiad. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces: the Western Traditon-7th Edition. Ed. Mack Maynard. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. Oz ,Tracey (2006, November 28). Ancient Greece. Viewed October 10, 2007, from http://www.teacheroz.com/greeks.html. Perrottet, Tony (2002). Route 66 A.D.: On the Trail of Ancient Roman Tourists. New York : Random House. Polykleitos. (2007, September 26). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Virgil. (1999). The Aeneid. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces: the Western Traditon-7th Edition. Ed. Mack Maynard. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.

Suffering in Crime and Punishment Essays - English-language Films

Suffering in Crime and Punishment Essays - English-language Films Suffering in Crime and Punishment In the novel Crime and Punishment, by Fyodor Dostoevsky, suffering is an integral part of every characters role. However, the message that Dostoevsky wants to present with the main character, Raskolnikov, is not one of the Christian idea of salvation through suffering. Rather, it appears to me, as if the author never lets his main character suffer mentally throughout the novel, in relation to the crime, that is. His only pain seems to be physical sicknes. Raskolnikov commits a premeditated murder in a state of delirium. He ends up committing a second murder, which he never ever wanted to be responsible for. He kills Lizaveta, an exceedingly innocent person. But does the author ever remind us of the murder at any time in the novel again? Not in the physical sense of the crime itself. The reader doesnt hear about how heavily the murders are weighing on his heart, or how he is tormented by visions of the crime. He doesnt feel the least bit guilty about having committed the crime, only his prides hurt. He doesnt mention the idea of the pain that might arise from recurrent visions of the crime. Raskolnikov never again recalls the massive amounts of blood everywhere, the look on Lizavetas face when he brings down the axe on her head. These things clearly show that the crime isnt what might cause him suffering, or pain, it is something else. After Raskolnikov is sent off to Siberia, he doesnt feel remorseful. His feelings havent changed about his crime, he feels bad at not being able to living up to his own ideas of greatness. He grows depressed only when he learns of his mothers death. Raskolnikov still hasnt found any reason to feel remorse for his crimes. He takes Siberia as his punishment, because of how annoying it is to go through all these formalities, and ridicularities that it entails. Yet, he actually feels more comfortable in Siberia than in his home in St. Petersburg. Its more comfortable, and has better living conditions than his own home. But he isnt free to do whatever he likes. But this does not contradict what Ive said before. He doesnt view Siberia as suffering, but he does view it as punishment, because he would rather not have to go through seven years in his prison cell. His theory of the extraordinary, and the ordinary is something he has to follow and adhere to . His necessity to suffer is a part of his necessity to fulfill his unknown criteria to be extraordinary. His suffering, if any, is purely superficial. The idea of suffering has to be heartfelt and well-specified. Raskolnikovs suffering is never spoken about, mainly because there is none. Even Raskolnikov views his turning himself in as a blunder, because he couldnt take the heat. It is obvious that Raskolnikov never seems to be in a pit of despair from all the suffering he has to face from the effect of the murder. One might argue that Raskolnikovs illnesses arise from his guilt and remorse for the crimes, but that doesnt appear possible. Since the character never cites the murder for his sickness. In fact, Raskolnikov fell immediately sick after committing the murder. How could he struck by guilt five seconds after committing the murder when he hasnt even had a chance to see what events have just occurred? There is not a single instance when Raskolnikov, or the author for that matter, ever cite the dramatic effect of the murders on Raskolnikovs conscience for his terrible illness. NOTHING in the novel would even imply that he feels remorse about committing the murders, it is just a silly idea that has been implanted in peoples minds and the seed has spread too rapidly, without analization.It is incredibly obvious that all the so-called pain and suffering that Raskolnikov feels is untrue, silly, and backed by no support. It would be incredulously moronic to attempt to view it from another point of understanding. People are entitled to their own opinions but the beliefs of the at error majority should not overbear the beliefs of the correct minority. Acceptance of a theory without analysis of it

Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essays

Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essays Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essay Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essay Companies must condone employees’ healthy lifestyles, in order to increase productivity within the workplace, which will potentially lead to higher profits. By encouraging their employees to lead healthy lifestyles, and partake in regular physical activity, companies will be projecting a positive image to society, improving the lives or their workers, whilst simultaneously reaping the financial benefits. As well as producing financial benefits, a healthy lifestyle can bring physiological and social benefits to companies and their employees. Physical activity has been proven to increase productivity in the workplace. In a recent study of worker performance, Pronk stated that â€Å"higher levels of physical activity related to reduced decrements in quality of work performance and overall job performance. † (2004, p. 19) This increase in productivity and efficiency created by healthier employees will eventually lead to higher profits for companies. A healthier employee will lead to a healthier bottom line, however this is not the only benefit that companies will receive as a result of encouraging regular exercise. As well as being more energetic and productive, a healthier employee is generally happier. A workplace comprised of happy employees will lead to higher worker morale, and will create a more positive, friendlier workplace in general. Although the consequential increase in productivity will lead to higher profits, companies will financially benefit from condoning regular physical activities in more ways than one. U. S. postal company UPS experienced the following benefits after they implemented their †Comprehensive Safety and Health Process† in 1995. On the whole, UPS has seen a decrease in absenteeism, an increase in productivity and morale, and a 60% reduction in on the job injuries since the program was first implemented. † (Bloom, 2008, p. 41) By being more proactive in condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles, companies will potentially save funds spent on sick leave and workers’ compensation payouts, as healthy, fit employees are less likely to fall sick or be injured. Should they sustain injuries within the workplace, it is more likely that their injuries will be less serious than those sustained by an unfit or overweight employee. The financial benefits of condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles were further outlined in a study that observed the outcomes of a health and productivity program implemented within the workplace. â€Å"Financially speaking, an effective, comprehensive, properly executed Hamp;P (health and productivity) program can drive significant business results†¦. employers have implemented successful Hamp;P programs leading to improved health, increased productivity and lower benefits costs – and, in turn, higher levels of performance, returns to shareholders and market premiums. (Wolf, 2008, p. 7) This study successfully reinforced each aspect of the financial benefit for companies of condoning regular physical activities and healthy lifestyles. Although the financial benefits for companies are extensive, the positive influence of employees’ healthy lifestyles extends much further into society. When encouraged by their employers to exercise regularly and lead healthy lifestyles, employees will more than likely continue to live healthily at home. Health is after all, a lifestyle, and it will extend and apply to all aspects of employees’ lives. Given the current rising obesity epidemic, this positive influence will have a considerable impact on society, and eventually encourage other members of the community to adopt healthy lifestyles. An aspect of this issue that may be argued is that of its influence on childhood obesity. Whilst adult obesity is on the rise, childhood obesity is also rapidly increasing. Some members of society may criticise that whilst employers condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles could decrease the prevalence of adult obesity, it will have no effect on the lifestyles of children in the community. Whilst it is true that it will take much more than the encouragement of employers to address the issue of obesity, it is a step in the right direction for all members of society. Although employers may only be encouraging their workers to exercise and lead healthy lifestyles, they are, at the same time, encouraging their employees’ families to do the same. Should an employee decide to adopt a healthy lifestyle, and take advantage of the incentives offered to them by their employers, it is likely that this will have such a positive effect on their lives that they will then happily condone similar lifestyle changes to other members of their family, including their children. This encouragement may include preparing healthier meals at home, limiting intake of unhealthy convenience foods, and making exercise a regular, family activity. By being more proactive in condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles, and promoting regular exercise, employers will not only be improving their profits, and increasing the health of their employees, they will also have a positive influence on the lifestyles of their workers families, and project a positive image to the community. However small their impact may be, it will help society work toward eliminating obesity, decreasing the occurrence of lifestyle related illnesses such as adult-onset (Type 2) diabetes, and creating a healthier community in general. In order to enable their employees to lead healthy lifestyles and exercise regularly, employers must offer a means, and incentive to their workers, to encourage them to adopt this lifestyle change. This could be done in a number of ways, including offering employees a discount on gymnasium memberships, subsidising or even reimbursing the cost. Companies could also invest in the installation of fitness facilities within the workplace, making exercise and fitness even more accessible to their employees. By offering this benefit to all workers, companies are also increasing the ways in which they can attract new employees. This may be the incentive needed to encourage highly employable workers to apply for positions within their company, as they are offering additional benefits, and creating a more appealing workplace in general. It may be argued that the cost of installing fitness facilities, or subsidising gym memberships would be a waste of company funding. However, this can potentially be viewed as an asset for companies. Companies invest in their employees each day, by paying them wages, benefits and superannuation. However, in order to gain the maximum return on their investment, companies must make sure that their employees are working efficiently and productively, and generating high revenues. The best way of doing this is by ensuring that their employees are physically fit and healthy, making them more productive, and an asset to the company, instead of a potential liability. Therefore, it can be concluded that condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles and encouraging regular exercise is a credible way of increasing worker productivity and efficiency, which will ultimately lead to higher revenue for companies. Whilst companies may incur initial costs when implementing health and productivity programs, they will potentially be saving company funds spent on sick leave payments and workers compensation payouts, which can often be very expensive. In addition to increased profits, companies will be projecting a positive image to the community, and influencing other members of society to adopt healthier lifestyles and helping to cease the rise in obesity. Bibliography Bloom, S. 2008). Employee Wellness Program: How UPS Improved Productivity amp; Reduced Injuries. Professional Safety, p. 41 Pronk, N. P. , et al. (2004). The Association Between Work Performance and Physical Activity, Cardiovascular Fitness and Obesity. Journal of Occupational amp; Environmental Medicine, 46, p. 19-25 Wolf, S. (2008). A Truly Healthy Bottom Line – Improving Financial Results Through Effective Health and Productivity Programs. Benefits Quarterly, 24, p. 7

The Influence of Marginalist Revolution in the Economy History Essay

The Influence of Marginalist Revolution in the Economy History - Essay Example (p. 14) As it was mentioned by one of the trendsetters of the movement, William Stanley Jevons: "The theory in question has in fact been independently discovered three or four times over and must be true" (cited in Hutchison, 1978). Let's name one more reason which would be grounded on the practical basis as developing of the viewing of the phenomenon of marginalist revolution provides us with an abundant source of theoretical assumptions which may be of great help while inciting up-to-date serves which are considered obscured or slighted by modern theory (Mirowski, 1988, p. 19). Moreover any uncertainty or confusion over the origins and results of marginalist revolution would give rise possible grave misunderstandings in its description and overviewing. Therefore, to try to explain the origin of the marginal utility revolution in the 1870's is doomed to failure: it was not a marginal utility revolution; it was not an abrupt change, but only a gradual transformation in which the old ideas were never definitively rejected; and it did not happen in the 1870s (Blaug, 1978, p. 322). Some authors challenge that there was any consolidated and deliberate movement. "In its stead, it portrays a haphazard and fragmented agglomeration of economic theorists, whose only common denominators were the twin notions of diminishing marginal utility and utility-determined prices"(Bowley 1973, p. 44). Moreover Bowley stated that none of the notions was especially new in the 1870s, we and may conclude that there was no interruption in the economic concepts of that time and the economic theory has realized one uninterrupted discipline from those time until nowadays (Bowley 1973, p. 49). Thus with the aim of proper investigation of the topic let's determine key fundamentals of marginalism. Briefly speaking it is the theory that determined economic value as a derivation from marginal utility and marginal cost which are considered to be basic marginal concepts. Through the prism of marginalism the most essential thing for the process of decision-making is "the marginal or last unit of consumption or production" (Hutchison, 1978, p. 91). For instance, one car is very helpful for everyday life. An additional car might become helpful if the first one is being repaired or for spares, but it is not as helpful as the first one. The third car has less utility than the previous two cars. Taking into consideration the price of cars, we may claim that many people are not inclined to own three cars as the benefit they are going to receive on the third automobile would be unlikely to go beyond the price (Verdon, 1996, p. 201). William Stanley Jevons from England, Carl Menger from Austria and Leon Walras from Switzerland singly formed the idea of marginal utility nearly in 1870. While discussing who of those three experts had taken the leading place in formulating the theory, Jevons' counterpart found a work of Prussian economist H. H. Gossen (Howey, 1960, p. 7). Gossen was considered as the initial author, and his work was restated using less mathematical methods in order to make it more comprehensible to the public. His relations between value in exchange and marginal utility